# RF Energy Harvesting for Mobile Sensor Nodes in Fluidized Beds – CRC1615 Project A07 (Measurement & Simulation Data)

## DOI
https://doi.org/10.15480/882.16850

## Authors

| Name              | Affiliation                                                                 | ORCID                                      | Contact                    |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
| Marvin Jaeger     | Inst. of High-Frequency Technology, Hamburg University of Technology        | [0009-0004-5770-9624]                      | marvin.jaeger@tuhh.de      |
| Maximilian Becker | Inst. for Mechatronics in Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology       | [0000-0001-8137-5135]                      | maximilian.becker@tuhh.de  |
| Maike Orth        | Inst. of Solids Process Eng. & Particle Tech., Hamburg Univ. of Technology  | [0000-0002-0220-7705]                      | maike.orth@tuhh.de         |

## Contact Person for Long-Term Inquiries

Marvin Jaeger  
Institute of High-Frequency Technology  
Hamburg University of Technology  
marvin.jaeger@tuhh.de  

## Date

2026-03-13  
Version: 1.0

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## Project Description

This dataset originates from CRC1615 – Project A07 (funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG - SFB 1615-503850735) and supports the proof-of-concept for a non-invasive, retrofittable wireless power transfer system. The study investigates repurposing a metallic fluidized bed vessel into a 5.23 GHz multi-mode microwave cavity resonator to provide continuous power to autonomous, battery-free mobile sensor nodes. 

This dataset and the associated processing files are part of a publication currently submitted to *Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research*.

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## Dataset Contents

### Directory Structure
    /
    ├── Measurement data/            # Raw experimental characterization data
    │   └── Measurement_Rectifier.csv
    ├── Simulation Data/             # CST Studio Suite 3D simulation models
    │   ├── feed_pos1.cst
    │   ├── feed_pos2.cst
    │   ├── feed_pos3.cst
    │   └── with_spray.cst
    └── README.md                    # This file


### Measurement & Simulation Campaign Overview

- **Measurement data/** Contains the experimental characterization data for the developed compact RF-to-DC rectifier prototype, evaluating power conversion efficiency across varying input powers and load resistances.
- **Simulation Data/** Contains 3D electromagnetic simulations validating the generation of continuous energy coverage. Includes evaluations of different standard flanges as microwave feed ports (`feed_pos1` through `3`) and an advanced model simulating worst-case field attenuation during active liquid injection (`with_spray`).

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## Methods & Instrumentation

- **Electromagnetic Simulation**: 
  - **Software:** CST Studio Suite 2024 (Frequency Domain Solver).
  - **Parameters:** 5.23 GHz operating frequency, 0.5 W input power via a waveguide port. Reactor walls were modeled as perfect electric conductors (PEC) with a vacuum interior.
  - **Spray Zone Modeling:** The active spray cone was approximated as an effective macroscopic medium (fractional water volume of 5%). Effective dielectric properties (ε_r ≈ 1.1513, loss tangent ≈ 0.001012) were calculated using the exact Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule.
- **Rectifier Hardware Evaluation**: 
  - **Hardware:** Rectification circuit designed on a Rogers RO4350B substrate. 
  - **Instruments:** Anritsu MG3694B RF signal generator (to mimic antenna power), Voltcraft VC608 multimeter, and a Manger Electronic variable load resistance. 
  - **Experimental Focus:** Measuring rectified DC output and calculating Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE).

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## File Descriptions & Measured Variables

### 1. `Measurement_Rectifier.csv`
- `P_in (dBm)`: Input RF power provided by the signal generator, emulating harvested antenna power.
- `R_L (kOhm)`: Connected variable load resistance applied during the measurement.
- `V_DC (V)`: Rectified direct current voltage output measured across the load.
- `PCE (%)`: Power Conversion Efficiency, the ratio of output DC power to input RF power.

### 2. CST Simulation Files (`.cst`)
- `feed_pos1.cst`, `feed_pos2.cst`, `feed_pos3.cst`: Baseline multi-mode cavity simulations evaluating the standing wave patterns and volumetric coverage when feeding microwave energy through standard flanges 1, 2, and 3.
- `with_spray.cst`: Emulation of localized electromagnetic wave attenuation during the active spraying phase to dictate dynamic power requirements.
- **Primary output variable extracted from simulations:** `H-field (A/m)` (Simulated magnetic field strength amplitude).

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## Usage Instructions

### Dependencies
- **Simulation Data:** The `.cst` files require **CST Studio Suite®** (Dassault Systèmes) to open, view, or re-run the 3D electromagnetic field simulations.
- **Measurement Data:** The `.csv` file is formatted with standard comma separation and can be analyzed using Python (pandas), R, MATLAB, or standard spreadsheet software.

### License
- This dataset is provided under the **CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International)** License. 
    - The measurement data and simulation setups are openly provided for reuse, verification, and adaptation, provided appropriate credit is given to the original authors.

### Citation
- Please cite this dataset as:
    - Jaeger, M., Becker, M., Orth, M., Schulz, S., Heinrich, S., Kern, T. A., Koelpin, A. (2026). RF Energy Harvesting for Mobile Sensor Nodes in Fluidized Beds – CRC1615 Project A07 (Measurement & Simulation Data). Hamburg University of Technology. DOI: [TBD]