Projections of the 21st century potential future climate evolution, especially for precipitation, are associated with high uncertainty and variability. Knowledge of the variability of the projected precipitation and resulting run-offs and the sources of uncertainties form the basis for analysis and assessment of future water-management options as well as potential risks related to droughts and flood events. The variabilities related to climate modelling can only be assessed by using a comparatively large number of climate projections.In our research, we apply a large ensemble of regional climate model projections from the regional climate model REMO, driven by different global climate model simulations, at high temporal (hourly timestep) and high spatial (0.11 degree, or about 12.5 km) resolutions. Although the analysis of such big datasets involves considerable computational and storage capacities, this potentially helps to improve the simulation of future hydrological quantities in river catchments. For the analysis of the behaviour of small river catchments, we apply a semi-distributive hydrological model. Annual and winter average precipitation conditions show a robust and statistically significant increase especially for the RCP8.5 scenario. Precipitation ranges are compared with the ranges of runoff based on hydrological impact model runs driven by a set of simulated parameters from the regional climate model ensemble. The analyses are performed for a sub-catchment of the Lower Elbe system (Krückau catchment), which is a typical small basin (area < 200km2) close to the city of Hamburg in northern Germany. The model runs cover a long simulation period of 150 years (1950-2100) with a temporal resolution of 1 day. Short term model runs with a temporal resolution of 1 hour were carried out for annual and seasonal (summer/winter) maximum runoff derived from the long-term simulations.Average annual runoff shows an increase of 0 to 10 % for the RCP2.6 ensemble and an increase of 0 to 20 % for the RCP8.5 ensemble at the end of the 21st century. Annual and winter average conditions (precipitation sums and average runoff) of the RCP8.5 ensemble show a robust increase across different ensemble simulations. Extreme events however show high variability and no conclusive and robust trend. Analysis shows a good relation between average values of precipitation and average runoff (MQ). Future development of simulated annual maximum runoffs shows only a weak relation with future simulated precipitation extremes. However, summer maximum runoffs tend to show a relation with summer precipitation extremes. The behaviour of winter runoffs might be explained by altered future conditions of snow aggregation and melt in combination with high soil moisture. With increasing average and extreme temperatures, snow fall, snow accumulation and concentrated runoff caused by snow melt in spring are less likely to occur.One of the conclusions drawn is that especially for assessing extreme precipitation and its impacts on small hydrological catchments it is necessary to apply regional climate model projections with high spatial and temporal resolution where further improvement is expected by making use of the upcoming generation of climate simulations on convection permitting scale.

Durch den Klimawandel bedingte Auswirkungen auf das Flusseinzugsgebiet der Este im Norden Deutschlands sind als Ergebnis des Vorhabens KLIMZUG-Nord dem Grunde nach bekannt. Für die Entwicklung konkreter und nachhaltiger Anpassungsstrategien bedarf es jedoch weiterhin einer detaillierten Quantifizierung der Auswirkungen auf die Este sowie insbesondere der Analyse und Bewertung der einzelnen technischen und administrativen Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Im Hinblick auf spätere Realisierungschancen ist die Einbeziehung aller Stakeholder sowie natürlich auch der Öffentlichkeit über das gesetzlich geforderte Maß hinaus ein entscheidender Aspekt. Bereits heute stellen der Hochwasserschutz und das Sedimentmanagement zentrale Herausforderungen im Einzugsgebiet der Este dar. Aufgrund der eigenen unmittelbaren Betroffenheit vieler Personen liegt das Hauptaugenmerk dabei auf der Hochwasserproblematik. Anthropogene Eingriffe über mehrere Jahrhunderte hinweg sind eine wesentliche Ursache für die bestehenden Probleme. Zum Beispiel führten zahlreiche Flussbegradigungen zu höheren Fließgeschwindigkeiten und in der Folge zu einem erhöhten Sedimenttransport in der Este. Hinzu kommt eine zukünftige Verschärfung der aktuellen Situation durch die zu erwartenden Folgen des Klimawandels. Im Vorhaben KLIMZUG-NORD wurden negative Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die oben genannten Themenfelder identifiziert: i) Intensivere Starkniederschläge werden zu einer Zunahme extremer Hochwasserabflüsse führen und ii) der Meeresspiegelanstieg wird häufigere Sperrwerksschließungen verursachen. In der Summe werden die Hochwasserstände entlang der gesamten Este steigen und es wird vermehrt zu Überflutungen kommen. Des Weiteren ist mit einer Zunahme des potentiellen Bodenabtrags im Este-Einzugsgebiet um 20 – 30 % zu rechnen [Nehlsen, 2013]. Mittels einer Kombination eines numerischen Niederschlag-Abfluss-Modells sowie eines hydrodynamischnumerischen Modells werden bestehende und zukünftig zu erwartende Probleme im Detail analysiert und quantifiziert. Ausgehend davon werden verschiedene konkrete Anpassungsmaßnahmen entwickelt, die den negativen Folgen des Klimawandels entgegenwirken. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf No-Regret-Maßnahmen (umwelt-politischer und / oder wirtschaftlicher Nutzen unabhängig vom Ausmaß des Klimawandels) bzw. auf sogenannten „Huckepack-Maßnahmen“ (Optimierung hinsichtlich der Klimafolgenanpassung von ohnehin notwendigen Maßnahmen). Um die späteren Realisierungschancen potentieller Maßnahmen zu erhöhen, wird bei deren Auswahl und Entwicklung hoher Wert auf eine frühzeitige und interdisziplinäre Einbindung aller Stakeholder auf Einzugsgebietsebene gelegt. Dies geschieht im Rahmen von regelmäßig stattfindenden Lern- und Aktionsallianzen. Die Wirksamkeit gemeinsam entwickelter Einzelmaßnahmen und Maßnahmenkombinationen wird mittels der numerischen Modelle quantifiziert. Auf dieser Basis kann zukünftig eine gemeinsame Priorisierung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen entwickelt werden, die politischen Entscheidungsträgern und anderen Akteuren als Handlungsempfehlung dient.

E-assessment can drastically reduce the amount of work for teachers generated by of examinations and grading of exams. However, it should also be used to develop didactically demanding tasks. As part of various electronic exams in mathematics at the Hamburg University of Technology, we are writing adaptive electronic tasks with automatic grading, and on this poster we will present concepts of tasks to improve the quality of examinations. In order to design the training process individually and fairly for each student, especially in large groups, we show how randomizations can be used efficiently to automatically generate individualized realizations of a task class. Using tasks from the field of mathematics as examples, we will show how error handling can be treated analogously to manual grading including the handling of subsequent faults. Further, we show how programming or interactive tasks on laptops can be implemented in addition to a written examination.

The CORFU approach formalises the dynamic interplay between regional economic and urban growth, climate change and the resilience of an urban system to flooding in a drivers-pressures-state-impacts-responses (DPSIR) framework. We have implemented a chain of computational models that automates the proposed DPSIR framework as part of the open-source Kalypso Planner Client decision support tool.

The Institute for Thermal Separation Processes has developed a biochemical high pressure process cascade to produce high purity lignin from coffee silverskin (CSS) wastes. The whole process was designed to be environmentally friendly and cost efficient by only using water, enzymes and Carbon Dioxide during consecutive steps. Lipids are extracted during Supercritical CO2 extraction and proteins during the first Liquid-HotWater (LHW) Hydrolysis step. Subsequently sugars are converted from carbohydrates during a more severe hydrolysis (LHW hydrolysis at higher temperatures resp. steam explosion) and enzymatic treatment. Consequently, the lignin has been purified by a consecutive fractionation of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates from CSS. The high pressure cascade is now permanently in operation to facilitate lignin purification from any other type of lignocellulosic biomass.

The temperate Himalayan valley of Kashmir is certainly not out of the sphere of influence of climate change induced irregular and extreme weather events. The effects of climate change have become more evident in recent years with drier winters and prolonged dry spells during the agricultural season, when rains are most needed for the crops. The catastrophic floods of September 2014, which led to complete destruction of the harvest-ready crops (mostly rice paddies) is fresh in the memory of the people. Kashmir has traditionally been a farm based self-sufficient economy but now the region is highly dependent on imports from outside, a problem that is aggravated by the high levels of unemployment. Boiled rice is the staple food in the Kashmir region with rice cultivation in inundated paddies being the only method in use. Flooded rice paddies are a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions with 20 % of total methane emissions worldwide coming from them. Methane is an greenhouse gas that is 20 times as potent as carbon dioxide. The use of N-fertilizers, which leads to pollution of the water bodies and also releases nitrous oxide – a greenhouse gas 310 times as potent as carbon dioxide –, is in vogue in the region, hence aggravating the situation. This type of rice cultivation also has an inherent disadvantage of not being able to withstand rainstorms or water stress in case of high flooding due to overflow of the rivers into the catchment areas. Rice is a staple food for the majority of the 1.7 billion South Asian population and a source of livelihood for more than 50 million households. With South Asian population predicted to rise to more than 2 billion by 2030, there is a need to find ways to increase rice production in a climate-smart way. The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) defines climate-smart agriculture as consisting of three main pillars; 1. Food security: sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes. 2. Adaptation: adaptation and building resilience to climate change. 3. Mitigation: reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible. With these goals in mind, the current work focuses on researching the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the context of Kashmir valley. SRI is essentially a system for an integrated soil, water, and air management. It results in healthier soils, prevents groundwater contamination, and leads to less emission of greenhouse gases. SRI has been successfully implemented in the neighbouring regions of Punjab (Pakistan), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) and in South and South-East India with. The success stories from these regions have reported an increase in the rice production up to 400 % with reduced water requirements and reduced lodging of the crops due to extreme weather events. The climate in Kashmir is radically different from the one present in these regions, hence adaptations of the system to the local climate may be needed for its successful implementation. Although the effect of System of Rice Intensification with respect to the quantity and quality of rice has been studied in considerable detail, its contribution to climate change mitigation has not been quantitatively assessed. This research aims at addressing this aspect of this climate change adaptation strategy as well. There are evidences that SRI practices can contribute to slowing the accumulation of greenhouse gases so as to reduce the global warming potential. To quantify this, there needs to be a thorough and precise evaluation, which is one of the aims of this research.

Practice shows that the use of classroom response systems (CRS, also called „clickers“) has proven to be a promising approach to consider or implement innovative teaching methods like peer instruction scenarios in the course of educational advisory processes. The effect of CRS as door opener becomes apparent in two ways: On the one hand, it tends to attract the attention of lecturers in engineering sciences by its mere technical nature; on the other hand, the experience of CRS can function as a starting point of the advisory process so that, consequently, diverse approaches and methods of educational enhancement can be adressed, e. g. the importance of learning goals as points of reference of modules and study programs. At present, classroom response systems are used extensively at Hamburg University of Technology. Their purpose is to activate students, to contribute to structuring the course of particular lectures and to provide teaching staff with student feedback.

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An efficient method to solve a significant weakness in hydrological modelling to compute backwater effects in low lying catchments is presented. The re-usable and transferable method is implemented in the open source software KalypsoNA (KalypsoHydrology) and validated with results of a tidal influenced low lying catchment study.

Due to the complexity of fine sediment dynamics in tidal estuaries a large number of parameters is necessary to describe the processes for the formation of temporally and spatially variable bottom conditions. By virtue of the Van-der-Waals forces, which dominate below a critical distance against repulsive forces, fine sediment mixtures with clay contents above ~5-10% tend to aggregate to flocs. The time- and location dependent physical, chemical and biological environmental conditions significantly influence the cohesiveness of the individual particles and thus also the transport dynamics of the particles. Furthermore, tidal asymmetries and estuarine circulation lead to the formation of an estuarine turbidity maximum zone (ETM). The location of ETMs is often linked with the mixing zone of salt and fresh water, where the environmental conditions change periodically (tidal cycles,...) and non-periodically (outflow, wind,...). As a result, high concentrations of suspended solids lead to the formation of stationary suspensions, resulting in near-bed lutoclines with partly non-newtonian behavior. The long-term accumulation of the sole is attributed to dynamic stratification and may rely on fresh water discharge when tidal energy is low during neap-tide cycles slack time.In order to ensure the nautical depth, highly expensive regular maintenance dredging is necessary in estuaries where the ETM dynamics lead to accumulation of cohesive sediments. A previous study has shown improvements of modelling the dynamics of sediment transport for representing the Weser ETM by implementing a 2-Layer-concept for modelling sediment transport and bed exchange. Limitations in the model are due to missing crucial information on (fractious) insitu behavior of cohesive sediments in terms of consolidation, erosion and deposition fluxes. The main force leading to erosion is the flow, which contains turbulent and non-turbulent proportions. In contrast, critical bottom-shear-stress is seen as a key factor to model erosion resistance, which is naturally affected by various parameters like organic content, consolidation, stress history and ambient chemical conditions. Key factors to model consolidation are deposition and stress history. A sediments density is a cross-process parameter related to erosion resistance and the state of consolidation. The goal of the research started with hereby presented project FAUST (For An improved understanding of Sediment Transport) is filling gaps in knowledge by determining erosion, deposition and consolidation characteristics of natural soils from northern German estuaries (Weser) in laboratory experiments to improve the overall understanding of bed exchange of these sediments.The methodology proposed is of a four-step schedule which consists of sediment sampling during slack water, onsite soil characterization (erosion tests, density measurements), lab sedimentation and erosion experiments and finally, the results lead to the development of an INTERCOH - Bottom Shear, Erosion and Bed Exchangeupdated bed exchange concept. Sediment samples from a site (Blexen) within the Weser ETM are drawn with a soil core sampler (cylindric core of 120cm height vs. 20 cm diameter) developed at IRCE in 2019 to cover the lower water body as well as upper soil layers. On board, a set of erosion and density measurements investigate the quasi-insitu natural sediments. Further on, a set of sediment cores are seperated into layerwise samples for further analysis, such as sieve/sedimentation analysis or TOC determination. The natural layer structure stays intact by a straight up transport of the sediment cores. They are stored at 6 °C. In the lab, we perform two types of analysis. First of all, the aim is to reproduce the previously quasi insitu determined characteristics of the sediment stratification in settling experiments. Therefore, a settling column of 2.5 m height and 20 cm diameter was developed which is consistent to the sediment cores geometry. A set of settling experiments is carried out to analyse depth dependent density development. Subsequently, depth- and time-dependent critical erosion shear stresses as well as erosion rates will be determined by means of erosion tests. These tests are carried out by eroding the beforehand generated sediment samples. With this methodology, the effect of influencing parameters on erosion characteristics will be investigated (visually, density, sediment proposition). The erosion device used is a modified gust erosion chamber which is able to produce defined shear stresses on a soil samples surface to determine erosion rates at different flow states. To estimate erosion rates ultrasonic sounders measure the change in soil sediment height over time. For redundancy, the turbidity within the water column above soil is measured as well. The ultrasonic sounders are used beforehand to measure the generated flow field in the erosion chamber to estimate induced bottom shear stresses on the soil and to estimate mean measure settling velocities. For a combined analysis of erosion and settling experiments, the erosion chamber induces tidal flow field characteristics to investigate long-term sediment accumulation behaviors. Finally, the result will be further knowledge on how the natural sediment characteristics behave under certain conditions. An adapted bed exchange model specified for the examined estuary will be provided to improve existing numerical models.LiteratureGUST,G.;MÜLLER,V.(1997): Interfacial hydrodynamics and entrainment functions of currently used erosion devices. In: Cohesive Sediments, S. 149–174.HESSE,R.F.;ZORNDT,A.;FRÖHLE,P.(2019): Modelling dynamics of the estuarine turbidity maximum and local net deposition. In: Ocean Dynamics 69 (4), S. 489–507. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-019-01250-w.TORFS,H.;MITCHENER,H.;HUYSENTRUYT,H.;TOORMAN,E.A.(1996): Settling and consolidation of mud/sand mixtures. In: Coastal Engineering 29 (1-2), S. 27–45. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3839(96)00013-0. 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES13 - 17 OCTOBER 2019 • ISTANBUL / TURKEYYILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY - YILDIZ CAMPUS99P1002 - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR INVESTIGATIONS ON NATURAL COHESIVESEDIMENTS FROM WESER ESTUARYBottom Shear Erosion and Bed ExchangeJustus Patzke 1, Roland Hesse 1, Edgar Nehlsen 1, Anna Zorndt 2, Peter Fröhle 1Tu Hamburg, Institute for River and Coastal Engineering (irce), Hamburg-Germany 1Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Hydraulic Engineering In CoastalAreas, Wedel-Germany 2Keywords: microcosm, bottom shear, erosion, Weser, ElbeDue to the complexity of fine sediment dynamics in tidal estuaries a large number of parameters is necessary to describe the processes for the formation of temporally and spatially variable bottom conditions. By virtue of the Van-der-Waals forces, which dominate below a critical distance against repulsive forces, fine sediment mixtures with clay contents above ~5-10% tend to aggregate to flocs. The time- and location dependent physical, chemical and biological environmental conditions significantly influence the cohesiveness of the individual particles and thus also the transport dynamics of the particles. Furthermore, tidal asymmetries and estuarine circulation lead to the formation of an estuarine turbidity maximum zone (ETM). The location of ETMs is often linked with the mixing zone of salt and fresh water, where the environmental conditions change periodically (tidal cycles,...) and non-periodically (outflow, wind,...). As a result, high concentrations of suspended solids lead to the formation of stationary suspensions, resulting in near-bed lutoclines with partly non-newtonian behavior. The long-term accumulation of the sole is attributed to dynamic stratification and may rely on fresh water discharge when tidal energy is low during neap-tide cycles slack time.In order to ensure the nautical depth, highly expensive regular maintenance dredging is necessary in estuaries where the ETM dynamics lead to accumulation of cohesive sediments. A previous study has shown improvements of modelling the dynamics of sediment transport for representing the Weser ETM by implementing a 2-Layer-concept for modelling sediment transport and bed exchange. Limitations in the model are due to missing crucial information on (fractious) insitu behavior of cohesive sediments in terms of consolidation, erosion and deposition fluxes. The main force leading to erosion is the flow, which contains turbulent and non-turbulent proportions. In contrast, critical bottom-shear-stress is seen as a key factor to model erosion resistance, which is naturally affected by various parameters like organic content, consolidation, stress history and ambient chemical conditions. Key factors to model consolidation are deposition and stress history. A sediments density is a cross-process parameter related to erosion resistance and the state of consolidation. The goal of the research started with hereby presented project FAUST (For An improved understanding of Sediment Transport) is filling gaps in knowledge by determining erosion, deposition and consolidation characteristics of natural soils from northern German estuaries (Weser) in laboratory experiments to improve the overall understanding of bed exchange of these sediments.The methodology proposed is of a four-step schedule which consists of sediment sampling during slack water, onsite soil characterization (erosion tests, density measurements), lab sedimentation and erosion experiments and finally, the results lead to the development of an updated bed exchange concept. Sediment samples from a site (Blexen) within the Weser ETM are drawn with a soil core sampler (cylindric core of 120cm height vs. 20 cm diameter) developed at IRCE in 2019 to cover the lower water body as well as upper soil layers. On board, a set of erosion and density measurements investigate the quasi-insitu natural sediments. Further on, a set of sediment cores are seperated into layerwise samples for further analysis, such as sieve/sedimentation analysis or TOC determination. The natural layer structure stays intact by a straight up transport of the sediment cores. They are stored at 6 °C. In the lab, we perform two types of analysis. First of all, the aim is to reproduce the previously quasi insitu determined characteristics of the sediment stratification in settling experiments. Therefore, a settling column of 2.5 m height and 20 cm diameter was developed which is consistent to the sediment cores geometry. A set of settling experiments is carried out to analyse depth dependent density development. Subsequently, depth- and time-dependent critical erosion shear stresses as well as erosion rates will be determined by means of erosion tests. These tests are carried out by eroding the beforehand generated sediment samples. With this methodology, the effect of influencing parameters on erosion characteristics will be investigated (visually, density, sediment proposition). The erosion device used is a modified gust erosion chamber which is able to produce defined shear stresses on a soil samples surface to determine erosion rates at different flow states. To estimate erosion rates ultrasonic sounders measure the change in soil sediment height over time. For redundancy, the turbidity within the water column above soil is measured as well. The ultrasonic sounders are used beforehand to measure the generated flow field in the erosion chamber to estimate induced bottom shear stresses on the soil and to estimate mean measure settling velocities. For a combined analysis of erosion and settling experiments, the erosion chamber induces tidal flow field characteristics to investigate long-term sediment accumulation behaviors. Finally, the result will be further knowledge on how the natural sediment characteristics behave under certain conditions. An adapted bed exchange model specified for the examined estuary will be provided to improve existing numerical models.

The complexity of fine sediment dynamics in tidal estuaries arises from the large number of parameters that influence the processes for the formation of temporally and spatially variable bottom conditions. The project FAUST (06/2018-06/2021) addresses basic challenges in modelling sediment exchange at the water / soil interface. By means of sampling natural sediments from the Weser and Elbe estuary, parameters for erosion, deposition and consolidation behavior are determined performing phys. experiments. The project is based on the common idea that flocs form and sink predominantly during slack water. As a result, a bottom near stationary suspension is formed which even begins to consolidate. At the onset of flood-/ebb-currents, the stationary suspension already increased its erosion resistance. Full resuspension might therefore be hindered during the next tidal phase and accumulation occurs over several tidal phases. From the investigations carried out model approaches for the description of the dynamics of cohesive sediments shall be derived specifically for the German estuaries. This poster presents the first stages of the project.

Macromolecular systems are present inmany applications of biotechnology andprocess engineering and the physical phenomena involved therein often spreadover vast scales of size and time. To gaininsight, generally applicable models are developed to transfer the essential dynamics (including directional dependency)[1] and complex interaction of biologicalmacromolecules from MD [2] to DEM ina modeling methodology termed by usthe ‘‘molecular discrete element method’’(MDEM). The models are parameterized bottom-up and validated top-down bycomparison with experimental data, whichis obtained from BLI and DLS. As a modelsystem the multi-enzyme pyruvate dehy-drogenase complex (PDC) is used, whichfeatures organized self-structuring pro-cesses and a highly regulated multi-enzymatic machinery dependent upon thestructure.Obtained results for the PDC compo-nent E2 show that the continuous formation and breakup of enzymatic agglomerates can be predicted using the developedMDEM methodology. This approach requires no experimental data fitting andproduces accurate scale-bridging kineticsas well as agglomerate sizes matching corresponding dynamic light scattering data.

Since 2015, newly arrived research associates at Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) are being educated to plan and design their teaching in a research-related manner. Guided by characteristic learning goals, an obligatory 1-year-program was set up enabling the participants to teach according to modern educational principles, in particular by use of student-centered scenarios of research-based learning. The program framework also provides opportunities to develop an integrative habitus of an academic teacher and researcher alike. To embed this new approach in a wider conceptual context, the poster presents a study to explore the relation between the guiding principles of the educational program of TUHH and modern, generally accepted standards for the development of young researchers.

Universities have to offer learning experiences that allow students to acquire media literacy in addition to knowledge and social competencies. In regard to learning, students are only as media competent as it is required at the university. Before implementing digital tools in a meaningful, innovating and motivating way in teaching practices, educators require a first didactical and technical overview and examples of good practice. This poster illustrates the online platform Digitaler Freischwimmer (digital swimming badge. https://www2.tuhh.de/zll/freischwimmer) for teaching staff in higher education. It offers a first overview of the variety of educational technologies. Also, it illustrates didactical potentials of digital media in STEM education.