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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P06: Integrated Photonics for Scalable Quantum Computers
    Most quantum computing architectures in the future require highly integrated and precisely aligned photonic structures that are optimized for the operation of qubits . Entangled light can be generated in optical cavities, while interferometric coupling structures allow for manipulation of quantum states. The required wavelength range spans from UV to NIR, imposing significant technological demands on material selection, component design, manufacturing, and fabrication tolerances of integrated optical components. The goal of this project is to research the fabrication and characterization of scalable photonic components for signal generation, distribution, and manipulation on wafers and microchips.
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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P07: System Integration for Low-Loss Photonic Couplings
    Interferometric quantum gates and directed laser beams for the control and manipulation of qubits necessitate adapted system solutions for low-loss optical couplers as interfaces to quantum computer hardware. Depending on requirements, these interfaces can be implemented in free space, via optical fibers or with special chip-to-chip connections. In this project, manufacturing and assembly techniques as well as packaging concepts are investigated. Wafer-scale fabrication technologies and maskless laser direct writing techniques are explored, with a focus on low-loss fiber-chip interfaces in optical thin films and embedded substrates.
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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P08: Quantum Computer Hardware: High-Frequency Excitation
    To excite defined quantum states, high-frequency signals are required. The challenge lies in generating these signals with defined amplitudes and phases, delivering kilowatt-level power at frequencies in the double-digit gigahertz range. Current demonstrators typically rely on high-quality laboratory measurement technology and signal sources, which are both expensive and not tailored to the specific application. Therefore, a flexible and quantum-computer-specific high-frequency signal source is to be designed, allowing for cost-efficient and compact excitation of defined quantum states. Initially, the required output power will be generated using a commercial amplifier. The signal generation is based on a software-defined radio approach, enabling extremely fast control of magnitude and phase programmatically, depending on the real signals influenced by non-idealities of the entire quantum computer. Alongside this digital control electronics, the actual signal generation and measurement technology for the non-ideal signal properties are the main focus. Close collaboration with the research group led by PI Riedinger (UHH) is planned.
      6
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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P09: Fast Quantum Algorithms for Hard Optimization Problems
    This project aims to develop quantum computing algorithms that solve hard optimization problems faster than classic algorithms on traditional hardware. Under standard assumptions, classic methods typically require exponential time to solve such problems. The project will investigate which hard optimization problems can theoretically overcome these exponential lower bounds. The novel methods developed for this purpose will then be implemented and experimentally evaluated.
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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P10: Constraint Satisfaction from the Perspective of Quantum Computing
    The Constraint Satisfaction Problem is a universal formalism for modeling decision problems under constraints. It is a central subject of investigation in artificial intelligence and industrial process planning, where its regularity provides a common approach to analyzing and solving key decision problems in these research fields. On classical hardware, the study of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem has spurred the development of numerous computational methods, forming the basis of artificial intelligence mechanisms. This project aims to elevate these methods to a new level through quantum computing, enabling the resolution of the next generation of artificial intelligence questions.
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    Hamburg Quantencomputing HQC - Teilprojekt P11: Quantum and Quantum-Inspired Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
    Combinatorial optimization problems are considered a promising application area for quantum computing, with the class of Quadratic Unconstraint Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems playing a central role. Solving such problems is a key application goal of projects like Rymax (Sengstock) and the Digital Annealer by D-Wave. Projects P9 (Mnich) and P10 (Mottet) also target combinatorial optimization problems. Furthermore, QUBO solutions can provide good initializations in machine learning (P3a, Mathey). While there is strong heuristic motivation for quantum computing to provide runtime advantages for QUBO problems compared to conventional computing, the existence of such advantages – especially regarding applications – remains largely unclear at a rigorous theoretical level.This project aims to expand the theoretical understanding of such quantum advantages while analyzing the runtime of quantum and classical algorithms for practically relevant problems. The best classical solution methods are inspired by quantum computing itself. They have been increasingly developed by companies such as Fujitsu, Hitachi, NTT, and Toshiba since 2019 and have recently been successfully deployed in industry. However, these computational methods are comparatively underexplored on a theoretical level, and their runtimes are poorly understood. Therefore, this project will investigate the properties of a QUBO problem that determine the runtime for its solution. This information will be used to decide which computational model (conventional HPCs, quantum-inspired computing, or quantum computing) is best suited for solving application-relevant QUBO problems and what runtimes can be expected for each.
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