Safdar, WasifWasifSafdarRotter, SonjaSonjaRotterOrth, MaikeMaikeOrthHeinrich, StefanStefanHeinrichDüster, AlexanderAlexanderDüster2025-09-252025-09-252025Computational particle mechanics (in Press): (2025)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/57544In recent years, particles have gained popularity as crash absorbers. To improve their mechanical properties, a coating layer can be applied. To predict the effect of this coating, a numerical model must be developed. For this purpose, the present study employs the discrete element method, extended by the bonded particle method, using both high- and low-fidelity approaches. In this framework, a single physical particle is modelled as a cluster or agglomerate of smaller particles bonded together. To identify the parameters involved, a sensitivity analysis is performed, followed by optimisation using the particle swarm algorithm, with calibration based on uniaxial single particle compression tests. Once an optimised parameter set is obtained, the models are validated against multi particle compression test results. The outcomes of this study demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology for simulating large-scale compression tests of coated granular materials.en2196-43862025Springerhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Bonded particle methodBreakageCostDiscrete element methodFidelityTechnology::620: Engineering::620.1: Engineering Mechanics and Materials ScienceComputer Science, Information and General Works::006: Special computer methodsJournal Articlehttps://doi.org/10.15480/882.1591710.1007/s40571-025-01061-510.15480/882.15917Journal Article