Pop, PaulPaulPopZarrin, BahramBahramZarrinBarzegaran, MohammadrezaMohammadrezaBarzegaranSchulte, StefanStefanSchultePunnekkat, SasikumarSasikumarPunnekkatRuh, JanJanRuhSteiner, WilfriedWilfriedSteiner2021-09-062021-09-062021-05Information Systems 98: 101727 (2021-05)http://hdl.handle.net/11420/10275Industry 4.0 will only become a reality through the convergence of Operational and Information Technologies (OT & IT), which use different computation and communication technologies. Cloud Computing cannot be used for OT involving industrial applications, since it cannot guarantee stringent non-functional requirements, e.g., dependability, trustworthiness and timeliness. Instead, a new computing paradigm, called Fog Computing, is envisioned as an architectural means to realize the IT/OT convergence. In this paper we propose a Fog Computing Platform (FCP) reference architecture targeting Industrial IoT applications. The FCP is based on: deterministic virtualization that reduces the effort required for safety and security assurance; middleware for supporting both critical control and dynamic Fog applications; deterministic networking and interoperability, using open standards such as IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA); mechanisms for resource management and orchestration; and services for security, fault tolerance and distributed machine learning. We propose a methodology for the definition and the evaluation of the reference architecture. We use the Architecture Analysis Design Language (AADL) to model the FCP reference architecture, and a set of industrial use cases to evaluate its suitability for the Industrial IoT area.en0306-43792021AADLDeterministic virtualizationFog ComputingIndustrial IoTIndustry 4.0Time-Sensitive NetworkingJournal Article10.1016/j.is.2021.101727Other