Justavino Castillo, Rodrigo AlbertoRodrigo AlbertoJustavino CastilloGrünheid, RainerRainerGrünheidBauch, GerhardGerhardBauchWolff, FlorianFlorianWolffHeide, Stefan von derStefan von derHeide2019-04-302019-04-302018-04IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 4 (67): 3457-3465 (2018-04)http://hdl.handle.net/11420/2564Mobile services like GSM and LTE are increasingly offered on board of long-haul flights. This is achieved by installing an onboard base station, namely a GSM BTS or an LTE eNodeB in the airplane. Additionally, the airplane is equipped with a network control unit (NCU) device which prevents onboard mobile users from attempting to connect to ground mobile networks and, therefore, affect or interfere with terrestrial communications. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the need of the network control unit. For that purpose, it is investigated if a mobile user in the airplane can establish a connection with an existing terrestrial GSM or LTE network without the presence of the network control unit and the onboard base station. Only a few studies exist which investigate this connection. The analysis done in this paper takes into consideration physical and high layer requirements of both GSM and LTE networks.en0018-95452018434573465Journal Article10.1109/TVT.2017.2786543Other