Körner, InaInaKörner2021-06-082021-06-082015-05-20Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology: 295-340 (2015-05-20)http://hdl.handle.net/11420/9711This chapter introduces the civilization biorefinery. Input materials are predominantly tertiary and quaternary bioresources from a given region. The goal is their most complete and efficient utilization. The approach is regional, holistic, and integrative. A short historical overview on the development of civilization and their residues starts the chapter. The shift of understanding from waste and wastewater into resources is shown. The chapter focuses on biogenic fractions, which are actually more and more considered as bioresources. Bioresources were defined and classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary categories. The "paper chain" was used as an example to demonstrate the interrelations between the categories. The general scheme of a civilization biorefinery as bioresource utilization network was described. Their major partitions are the bioresource inventory and collection, the bioresource processing with traditional and advanced technologies, and the products selection and application. Logistical challenges were also considered. The civilization biorefinery is still a vision today. Therefore, approaches into this direction were shown and highlighted by practical examples which contain forward-looking elements-a strategy project focusing on bioresource inventories, a project which combines wastewater and waste management with energy provision, and an industrial ecosystem, where residues of one enterprise are used as resource by another. The basic needs for prevalent implementation of steps toward civilization biorefineries close the chapter.enBiorefineryBioresourceCascade utilizationChain designCivilizationFoodGrassInventoryMultichain utilizationNetworkingPaperRegional approachesResiduesWasteWastewaterWirtschaftNaturwissenschaftenTechnikBook Part10.1016/B978-0-444-63453-5.00009-4Other