Müller, Peter MarvinPeter MarvinMüllerBletsos, GeorgiosGeorgiosBletsosRung, ThomasThomasRung2023-07-122023-07-122023-05-31Aerospace 10 (6): 519 (2023)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/41363The contribution is devoted to combined shape- and mesh-update strategies for parameter-free (CAD-free) shape optimization methods. Three different strategies to translate the shape sensitivities computed by adjoint shape optimization procedures into simultaneous updates of both the shape and the discretized domain are employed in combination with a mesh-morphing strategy. Considered methods involve a linear Steklov–Poincaré (Hilbert space) approach, a recently suggested highly non-linear p-Laplace (Banach space) method, and a hybrid variant which updates the shape in Hilbert space. The methods are scrutinized for optimizing the power loss of a two-dimensional bent duct flow using an unstructured, locally refined grid that initially displays favorable grid properties. Optimization results are compared with respect to the optimization convergence, the computational effort, and the preservation of the mesh quality during the optimization sequence. Results indicate that all methods reach, approximately, the same converged optimal solution, which reduces the objective function by about 18% for this classical benchmark example. However, as regards the preservation of the mesh quality, more advanced Banach space methods are advantageous in comparison to Hilbert space methods even when the shape update is performed in Hilbert space to save costs. In specific, while the computational cost of the Banach space method and the hybrid method is about 3.5 and 2.5 times the cost of the pure Hilbert space method, respectively, the grid quality metrics are 2 times and 1.7 times improved for the Banach space and hybrid method, respectively.en2226-431020236MDPIhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/adjoint-based optimizationCAD-free shape optimizationmesh update methodsgradient-descent shape optimizationCFDTechnologyJournal Article2023-07-1110.15480/882.642410.3390/aerospace1006051910.15480/882.6424Journal Article