Derin, YaseminYaseminDerinOberhauser Tavares Braga, João PedroJoão PedroOberhauser Tavares BragaKastner, MarvinMarvinKastnerJahn, CarlosCarlosJahn2024-10-252024-10-252024Joint Conference of the International Maritime and Port Technology and Development Conference, MTEC 2024https://hdl.handle.net/11420/49854Global carbon dioxide emissions are forecast to increase by around 15% by 2050 compared to 2020. In order to move towards a sustainable transition to net zero emissions by 2050, more energy-efficient operations are a prerequisite. In response, terminals are looking for ways to optimise port processes to reduce energy consumption while also keeping waiting time and costs low. This paper focuses on optimisation approaches for the individual actors in the nautical service that can support these objectives. A comprehensive review, classification and discussion of the relevant literature on current methods and procedures for the stakeholders of the nautical service is conducted. In this regard, current challenges and limitations are identified. The results of the classification scheme show that tugboats in particular are examined in more detail. The objective is often to reduce costs and increase safety in the port area. For this purpose, mathematical approaches, or various types of algorithms are usually applied. Future research activities could be based on more detailed analyses of the approaches used in the identified papers.en1742-659620241IOP Publishinghttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Social Sciences::380: Commerce, Communications, TransportTechnology::621: Applied PhysicsComputer Science, Information and General Works::004: Computer SciencesConference Paper10.15480/882.1358510.1088/1742-6596/2867/1/01204910.15480/882.13585Conference Paper