Guo, ShujinShujinGuoLuo, BingchengBingchengLuoXing, HuiHuiXingWang, JianyuanJianyuanWangZeeshan, Hafiz MuhammadHafiz MuhammadZeeshanJin, KexinKexinJinChen, ChangleChangleChen2024-02-222024-02-222020-04-15Ceramics International 46 (6): 7198-7203 (2000-04-15)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/45934To investigate the effect of Sm doping on the electrical properties of Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-xBCT) (x = 40, 50, 60) ceramics, three Sm-modified ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method. Related electrical measurements, including ferroelectric and dielectric investigations and impedance spectroscopy, were recorded for these ceramics. It was found that a tilted morphotropic phase boundary resulted from the addition of Sm, which induced the best piezoelectric properties and insulating behaviour in the Sm-BZT-60BCT sample. An abnormal P-E loop shrinkage appeared in the Sm-BZT-50BCT sample but not in the other two samples. This could be attributable to the different electronegativities between Ca2+ and Ba2+ and between Zr4+ and Ti4+, whose contents are different in varied samples and have an effect on defect-dipole alignment as well as spontaneous polarization. The activation energies for the bulk conductivity in the three composites were calculated to be 0.28 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01, and 0.36 ± 0.01 eV, confirming the existence of oxygen vacancies in our samples. The Sm dopant is responsible for the oxygen vacancies. This also leads to an increased Curie temperature in the three composites.en0272-88422020671987203Electrical propertiesOxygen vacanciesSm-BZT-xBCTJournal Article10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.11.214Journal Article