Villarini, GabrieleGabrieleVillariniSerinaldi, FrancescoFrancescoSerinaldiKrajewski, Witold F.Witold F.Krajewski2026-03-202026-03-202008-08-20Advances in Water Resources 31 (12): 1674-1686 (2008)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/62311There are large uncertainties associated with radar estimates of rainfall, including systematic errors as well as the random effects from several sources. This study focuses on the modeling of the systematic error component, which can be described mathematically in terms of a conditional expectation function. The authors present two different approaches: non-parametric (kernel-based) and parametric (copula-based). A large sample (more than six years) of rain gauge measurements from a dense network located in south-west England is used as an approximation of the true ground rainfall. These data are complemented with rainfall estimates by a C-band weather radar located at Wardon Hill, which is about 40 km from the catchment. The authors compare the results obtained using the parametric and non-parametric schemes for four temporal scales of hydrologic interest (5 and 15 min, hourly and three-hourly) by means of several different performance indices and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.en1872-965720081216741686ElsevierBivariate mixed distributionCopulaNon-parametric regressionRadar-rainfallUncertaintyNatural Sciences and Mathematics::551: Geology, Hydrology MeteorologyJournal Article10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.08.002Journal Article