Prieß, TobiasTobiasPrießBornemann, LukaLukaBornemannKaltschmitt, MartinMartinKaltschmitt2026-06-232026-06-232026-06-13Energy Conversion and Management 365: 121724 (2026)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/63586Replacing diesel-powered container handling equipment with zero-emission drivetrains offers major environmental benefits but raises concerns about operational feasibility. This work introduces a scalable simulation approach based on graph networks to estimate the energy consumption of container handling equipment. The method is employed to assess how operational conditions and vehicle configurations influence the operational feasibility for hydrogen-powered terminal tractors and straddle carriers. A systematic parameter variation examines the influence of driver behaviour, operational factors, and technical specifications on energy demand and operational range. Results indicate that hydrogen fuel cell systems can meet individual performance requirements of container terminal operations. Payload and driver behaviour govern the energy consumption, while tailoring tank and battery sizes to the intended application enhances feasibility. The findings provide guidance for designing and operating zero-emission container handling equipment in diverse terminal environments.en2590-17452026Elsevierhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Cargo handling equipmentFeasibilityFuel cell electric vehiclesPort decarbonisationStraddle carrierTerminal tractorZero-emission vehiclesTechnology::629: Other BranchesTechnology::621: Applied Physics::621.3: Electrical Engineering, Electronic EngineeringJournal Article10.1016/j.enconman.2026.12172410.15480/882.17345