Reissland, TorstenTorstenReisslandWeigel, RobertRobertWeigelKölpin, AlexanderAlexanderKölpinLurz, FabianFabianLurz2023-12-052023-12-052023-12IEEE Microwave Magazine 24 (12): 60-73 (12-2023)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/44467Increasing the use of rail-based passenger transportation, compared to passenger cars, is a key factor in the pursuit of a climate-friendly transport sector. For example, in Germany in 2021, carbon dioxide emissions per person-kilometer produced by long-distance train transportation were 72% lower compared to transportation by passenger cars [1]. To strengthen the competitiveness of rail transport, its reliability and cost from the user's perspective need to be optimized. One way to achieve this goal is to enable higher levels of automation in rail transport, as is being sought in the automotive sector. And just as in the automotive sector, sensor systems are crucial for a reliable estimation of a vehicle's condition. This reliable estimation is a necessary prerequisite for enabling automation functions.en1527-33422023126073IEEEElectrical Engineering, Electronic EngineeringJournal Article10.1109/MMM.2023.3314320Journal Article