Beibl, JuliaJuliaBeiblKüchenhof, JanJanKüchenhofBerschik, Markus ChristianMarkus ChristianBerschikKrause, DieterDieterKrause2025-11-122025-11-122025-08-27Proceedings of the Design Society 5: 1833-1842 (2025)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/58595In the context of volatile markets, characterised by a need for continuous product development involving module-wise product modifications, the importance of flexibility as an attribute of products and their production system has been increasing. This paper presents a methodological approach focusing on the flexibility evaluation of modules regarding their interfaces. The subject encourages engineers and researchers to analyse and rethink the interface design and the location of module boundaries regarding change propagation. The method was validated using the Design Method Validation System (DMVS) to determine its usefulness, applicability and acceptability. The design workshop for validation was applied to a product family of trunk lids by employees of a German car manufacturer.en2732-527X202518331842Cambridge University Presshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/FlexibilityDecision makingDesign processDesign engineeringDesign for interfacesTechnology::620: EngineeringJournal Articlehttps://doi.org/10.15480/882.1611410.1017/pds.2025.1019710.15480/882.16114Journal Article