Lippert, StephanStephanLippertLippert, TristanTristanLippertHeitmann, KristofKristofHeitmannEstorff, Otto vonOtto vonEstorff2019-09-052019-09-052013-05-14Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 19, 070036 (2013)http://hdl.handle.net/11420/3297Wind energy plays a key role towards a greener and more sustainable energy generation. Due to limited onshore areas and possible negative effects on human living space, offshore wind parks become increasingly popular. However, during construction by pile driving, high levels of underwater sound emission are observed. To avoid negative effects on marine mammals and other sea life, different approaches are currently investigated to cut down the sound pressure levels, like e.g. bubble curtains or cofferdams. In order to predict the expected underwater noise both with and without sound damping measures, numerical simulation models are needed to avoid complex and costly offshore tests. Within this contribution, possible modelling strategies for the prediction of underwater noise due to pile driving are discussed. Different approaches are shown for the direct adjacencies of the pile and for the far field sound propagation. The effectivity of potential noise mitigation measures is investigated using a detailed finite element model of the surroundings of the pile. Far field propagation in the kHz range at distances of several kilometres from the pile, on the other hand, is computed by a model based on wavenumber integration. Finally, the model validation with corresponding offshore tests is addressed.en1939-800X20131American Institute of PhysicsPhysikIngenieurwissenschaftenConference Paper10.1121/1.4800517Other