Naeem, FaizanaFaizanaNaeemGollnick, VolkerVolkerGollnick2026-07-242026-07-242026-0426th Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance, ICNS 2026https://hdl.handle.net/11420/64050Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations impose stringent requirements on Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) infrastructures, particularly for low-altitude operations in complex urban and regional environments. To support safe, scalable, and economically viable UAM deployment, infrastructure planning must be guided by quantitative performance analysis and validated against stakeholder priorities. This paper presents a simulation-driven assessment of CNS infrastructure deployment for UAM, complemented by an expert survey to contextualize and validate the derived recommendations.First, a simulation framework is developed to evaluate 5G-based CNS deployment strategies for ground-to-air communication across different regional contexts, including dense urban areas, suburban transition zones, and inter-city UAM corridors. The simulations analyze coverage continuity, link reliability, and infrastructure density requirements for UAM operations at altitudes below 300 m, considering realistic base-station layouts and integration with existing terrestrial networks. The results quantify how regional characteristics, such as urban density, corridor geometry, and altitude profiles directly impact CNS performance and deployment cost, demonstrating that selective reuse of existing 5G infrastructure can achieve required performance levels while significantly reducing capital and operational expenditures compared to dedicated aviation-only solutions.Second, an expert survey involving stakeholders from aerospace, air traffic management, telecommunications, and UAM service providers is conducted to assess the perceived feasibility, risks, and priorities associated with the simulation-derived deployment strategies. The survey results show strong alignment with the simulation outcomes, particularly regarding the importance of infrastructure reuse, low-latency communication, and cost efficiency for early UAM operations.With the combination of simulation-based performance and economic analysis with stakeholder validation, this paper provides region-specific CNS deployment recommendations and actionable guidance for regulators, UAM operators, air navigation service providers, and mobile network operators. The findings support informed decision-making for resilient and economically sustainable CNS integration in future UAM ecosystems.enCommunication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS)Urban Air Mobility (UAM)Low-altitude OperationsSimulation and Evaluation of UAMSurvey based evaluationTechnology::621: Applied Physics::621.3: Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering::621.38: Electronics, Communications EngineeringTechnology::629: Other Branches::629.1: Aviation::629.13: Aviation EngineeringTechnology::600: TechnologyConference Paper10.1109/ICNS69853.2026.11570332