Wagenmann, SteffenSteffenWagenmannKrause, ArturArturKrauseWeidinger, FeliciaFeliciaWeidingerBursac, NikolaNikolaBursacAlbers, AlbertAlbertAlbers2025-11-112025-11-112025-08-27Proceedings of the Design Society 5: 1111-1120 (2025)https://hdl.handle.net/11420/58535This work develops a method to integrate operational data into system models following MBSE principles. Empirical analysis reveals significant obstacles to data-driven development, including heterogeneous and non-transparent data structures, poor metadata documentation, insufficient data quality, lack of references, and limited data-driven mindset. A method based on the RFLP chain links operating data structures to logical-level elements. Data analyses are aligned with specific requirements or functional/physical elements, enabling systematic data-driven modeling. This method improves efficiency, fosters system knowledge development, and connects technical systems with operational data.en2732-527X202511111120Cambridge University Presshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Technology::600: TechnologyJournal Articlehttps://doi.org/10.15480/882.1610810.1017/pds.2025.1012510.15480/882.16108Journal Article