EXC 3120 BlueMat - Research Topic D1: Energy Storage in Supercapacitors

We will create advanced electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) using environmentally friendly materials and aqueous electrolytes. These supercapacitors, known for their rapid charging rates, high power density, and long cycle life, demand high-performance electrolytes and electrode materials. To prevent electrolyte decomposition, we will study high-concentration water-in-salt solutions and strong confinement. A combination of electrochemical studies, advanced in-situ/in-operando techniques, and molecular modeling will help us to understand the hydration/dehydration processes and ion transport dynamics, which are crucial for forming and structuring the EDL. Additionally, we introduce the consideration of the role of strong confinement on the electrolyte dielectric properties and optimize the microstructure of nanoporous carbons and clay-carbon composites to achieve highly energy-dense supercapacitors. Key scientific questions include: How does ion hydration influence EDL structure? Is there a specific dehydration mechanism for ions? How can ion-ion interactions be tuned, and how do they affect EDL formation? What is the impact of carbon porosity on the performance of waterin- salt electrolytes in EDLCs? Is there a correlation between the degree of carbon graphitization and EDL structure? How do the dielectric properties water and electrolyte solutions change with strong confinement in natural 2D materials?