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    Item type:Publication, Access status: with files ,
    Adsorption behavior of lead and chromium onto MgO impregnated biochar derived from banana peels and rice husk in binary environment
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2026-07-16)
    Kanwal, Tayyaba
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    Iftikhar, Rashid
    ;
    Ernst, Mathias
    ;
    Lee, Kang Hoon
    ;
    Inam, Muhammad Ali
    In current research, raw- and MgO-impregnated biochar derived via (co)pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) and banana peel (BP) in mass ratios (0:1, 1:0 and 1:1) were synthesized and examined for their physiochemical properties and adsorption performance for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions removal from synthetic solutions. Owing to excellent removal capability (Cr(VI): 94% at pH 2; Pb(II): 100% at pH 4) of 2 g/L MgO-impregnated biochar with mass ratio 1:1 (MgO@CBC) for 20 mg/L metals ions loading in single solute system with 120 min contact time, removal performance of MgO@CBC was examined under binary environment. Interestingly, binary solute system showed significant MgO@CBC adsorption performance for Pb(II) removal (99%) with slight decrease in Cr(VI) removal (88.5%) at pH 2 under similar boundary conditions. Moreover, increasing metal ions concentration showed improved MgO@CBC adsorption potential for Cr(VI) at pH 4 and Pb(II) at pH 2, due to porous matrix Mg 2+ -mediated compounds and unique surface characteristics. Furthermore, the underlying removal mechanism using MgO@CBC was identified as (Cr(VI): reduction/complexation coupled with electrostatic attraction) and (Pb(II): ligand exchange followed by surface complexation) and in binary system as (Cr(VI) and Pb(II): ligand exchange, electrostatic attraction, bimetallic bonding (Pb–O–Cr) and surface complexation). In addition, MgO@CBC displayed promising recyclability potential for metal ions removal up to five cycles. In general, these experimental and mechanistic insights may provide feasible and ecofriendly solutions to tanneries, when dealing with toxic metal ions from their effluents.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      9  5
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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    Highly efficient phosphate extraction from water using bio-composites of nano zero valent iron supported on orange peel powder (nZVI@OPP): performance evaluation and mechanistic insights
    (Springer, 2025-03-29)
    Fahad, Nadeem
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    Inam, Muhammad Ali
    ;
    Iftikhar, Rashid
    ;
    Gill, Safi Ullah
    ;
    Amjad, Hira
    In recent times, nZVI composites have been developed as environmentally friendly adsorbents to tackle the issue of eutrophication in freshwater bodies. Herein, we synthesized nano zero valent iron loaded orange peel powder (nZVI@OPP) in different proportions (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10) and investigated its PO43− elimination potential from water. Among them, nZVI@OPP (1:5) composite presented excellent PO43− removal performance (93.3%) comparable to that of 1:1 (100.0%) and 1:3 (98.9%), and therefore was selected for further analysis. The physicochemical properties of nZVI@OPP (1:5) also showed porous and irregular surface with more available sorption sites and reactive functional groups than planar and crystal surface of raw OPP, as revealed by SEM–EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and elemental mapping. The optimum conditions (nZVI@OPP (1:5) dosage: 2 g/L, contact time: 60 min, pH: 7, initial PO43− concentration: 10 mg/L, and temperature: 298 K) indicated 93.3% PO43− removal from simulated water samples. Based on higher R2 values, PSO kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models showed better fitting with PO43− sorption data. Moreover, various coexisting anions posed a negative impact on PO43− removal in the given order: NO3− < SO42 < Cl− < mixed anions, while no significant impact of thermal variations on PO43− removal was observed. The spent nZVI@OPP (1:5) also showed reasonable reusability potential when removing PO43− from aqueous solution. The dominant PO43− removal mechanisms including physisorption, chemisorption, ligand exchange, and complexation reactions were identified. In general, the current study provides new insights into the importance of selecting appropriate mixing proportion of nZVI and OPP, with the potential of extracting maximum PO43− content from water considering economic and waste management perspective.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
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