Prospective functional assessment after mandible reconstruction and bone healing assessment

Objectives: Mandibular reconstruction remains a clinical challenge due to a high rate of osseous non-unions. Mechanical factors are known to influence the bone regeneration process. Therefore, bite force levels, both immediately after surgery and during the bone healing process, are believed to play a critical role in the healing outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate bite force and mandibular mobility measurements over time following mandibular reconstruction and to relate these measurements to the bone healing outcome. Materials and methods: In this prospective study, 28 patients were included and underwent functional measurements pre-operatively and at two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks, three months, and six months post-reconstruction. Additionally, the healing outcome was assessed using post-operative imaging. Results: After surgery, the functional parameters - including bite force, mouth opening, protrusion, and laterotrusion - significantly decreased. However, between the initial post-operative measurement and the final follow-up six months after surgery, all parameters showed a significant increase. Two weeks post-operatively, only 9 of the 28 patients were able to participate in the bite force measurement. However, 6 of these patients exhibited incomplete osseous union, which was associated with a mean bite force of 166 N at two weeks (mean over the whole cohort after six months of 154 N). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the trends in functional measurements over time following mandibular reconstruction and identified a significant trend in association between excessive post-operative bite force and incomplete osseous union. Clinical relevance: In consequence, clinical strategies to reduce mechanical over-stimulation could be evaluated in future studies, such as soft food intake for 3 months after mandibular reconstruction.

Subjects

Biomechanics

Bite force

Bone healing

Functional analysis

Mandibular reconstruction

DDC Class

617.9: Operative Surgery and Special Fields of Surgery

More Funding Information

The authors acknowledge the support of the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 for the project InterLynk (grant agreement: H2020- NMBP-TR-IND-2020, project ID: 953169). This study was partially funded by the German Research Foundation.

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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publishedVersion

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s00784-025-06698-3.pdf

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2.47 MB

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Prospective functional assessment after mandible reconstruction and bone healing assessment