Nanoparticles in printed photovoltaics: materials, methods and potential

In recent years, with the increase in global energy demand, photovoltaic (PV) technology has developed rapidly. The third generation of PV technology, especially flexible and semi-transparent solar cells prepared via solution processing, has gradually attracted attention. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) has become an important strategy to address the challenges of light absorption and efficiency in these solar cells. This paper reviews the latest progress in the field of photovoltaics using different types of NPs such as metals, oxides, silicon-based and quantum dots. The mechanisms and effects of NPs in enhancing light absorption and improving charge extraction efficiency are analyzed and common characterization methods for evaluating NPs in PV devices are introduced. Integration strategies based on different coating and printing techniques are discussed. Although these technologies have shown advantages like low cost and high yield, they still face challenges like NP synthesis upscaling, particle consistency and stability. Finally, this paper emphasizes that future research directions should focus on solving batch consistency and surface chemistry control in large-scale synthesis of NPs, optimizing coating processes to improve film uniformity, and developing sustainable materials to promote the industrial application of NP-enhanced printed PV technology.

Subjects

Nanoparticles

Printed photovoltaics

Solar cells

DDC Class

530: Physics

Options

Nanoparticles in printed photovoltaics: materials, methods and potential