Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs

Journal
IUCrJ  
Volume
5
Issue
Pt. 5
Start Page
574
End Page
584
Citation
IUCrJ Pt 5 (5): 574-584-584 (2018-09-01)
Publisher DOI
10.1107/S2052252518008369
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85053126221
Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
Subjects
FELs
X-ray FEL pulse trains
X-ray free-electron lasers
megahertz repetition rates
DDC Class
600: Technik
Lizenz
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
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