Scaling laws for mitigated pile driving: dependence of underwater noise on strike energy, pile diameter, ram weight, water depth, and mitigation system

Sound induced by impact pile driving is a possible risk to marine life. Therefore, it is common practice to use noise mitigation systems during piling to reduce the respective impact and to fulfill the prescribed noise limits. Scaling laws for the estimation of the underwater noise from unmitigated impact pile driving have been presented in von Pein, Lippert, Lippert, and von Estorff, "Scaling laws for unmitigated pile driving: Dependence of underwater noise on strike energy, pile diameter, ram weight, and water depth," Appl. Acoust. 198, 108986 (2022). This contribution shows how these scaling laws need to be changed if noise mitigation systems are considered. Scaling laws are developed for four different kinds of noise mitigation system setups. These include big bubble curtains, double big bubble curtain combinations, a fully absorbing system directly at the pile, and the combination of a system close to the pile and a double big bubble curtain. The derived scaling laws are verified and compared to publicly available measurement data.

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004: Computer Sciences

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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2045_1_10.0030302-1.pdf

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Main Article

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2.47 MB

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Scaling laws for mitigated pile driving: dependence of underwater noise on strike energy, pile diameter, ram weight, water depth, and mitigation system