RUVIVAL Publication Series Volume 4

RUVIVAL Publication Series is a compilation of literature reviews on topics concerned with the revitalisation of rural areas. RUVIVAL Publication Series is part of the e-learning project RUVIVAL and each of the two contributions in this publication is connected to further interactive multimedia material, which can be reached under www.hoou.de. The first literature review is concerned with energy access for sustainable rural development, with a focus on distributed renewable energy for rural electrification in Africa. Access to electricity is a key mechanism for the improvement of living standards and community services such as healthcare and education, for the reduction of poverty and enhancement of gender justice. However, in 2016, 14 % of the world’s population still lived without electricity, mostly located in rural areas of economically poor areas. Off-grid and mini-grid systems are summarised under the term ‘distributed energy systems’ or ‘decentralised energy systems’ and provide a fast and cost efficient method for rural electrification. Applicable technologies include solar photovoltaics, wind power, small hydro power and energy from residual biomass. Those small-scale renewable energy systems offer significant reductions in fossil fuel combustion and entailed emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper reviews distributed renewable energy systems and concentrates on energy services for electricity generation in rural Africa. The second literature review deals with integrated decentralised wastewater treatment for rural areas with focus on resource recovery. The most appropriate and sustainable solution for wastewater management in any setting is the one that is economically, environmentally, and technically sound, as well as socially acceptable for the specific community. Centralised wastewater collection and treatment systems are found to be resource intensive and complex, especially for low density population regions with dispersed households. Alternatively, the approach of decentralised wastewater treatment appears as a sustainable and logical solution to address issues related to rural wastewater management. This paper presents a review of the advantages and limitations of various centralised and decentralised approaches to wastewater treatment and management. A sustainable solution to wastewater management in rural areas based on the concept of ecological sanitation, with focus on water and nutrients recovery is presented.

Schlagworte

literature review

sustainable rural development

distributed renewable energy systems

off-grid

stand-alone

rural electrification

mini-grid

renewable energy sources

decentralised systems

distributed generation

electricity

small-scale generation

ländliche Gebietewastewater management

resource recovery

decentralised wastewater treatment

source separation

sustainability

centralised vs decentralised systems

rural areas

circular economy

nachhaltige ländliche Entwicklung

verteilte erneuerbare Energiesysteme

netzunabhängig

autark

ländliche Elektrifizierung

Mini-Netzwerk

erneuerbare Energiequellen

dezentralisierte Systeme

verteilte Erzeugung

Elektrizität

Kleinerzeuger

Abwassermanagement

Ressourcenrückgewinnung

dezentrale Abwasseraufbereitung

Quellentrennung

Nachhaltigkeit

zentralisierte vs. dezentralisierte Systeme

ländliche Gebiete

Kreislaufwirtschaft

DDC Class

500: Naturwissenschaften

550: Geowissenschaften

570: Biowissenschaften, Biologie

600: Technik

620: Ingenieurwissenschaften

Projekt(e)

RUVIVAL

Lizenz

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Name

RUVIVAL_Publication_Series_Volume_4.pdf

Size

3.89 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

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RUVIVAL Publication Series Volume 4