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  4. Solid epoxy for functional 3D printing with isotropic mechanical properties by material extrusion
 
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Solid epoxy for functional 3D printing with isotropic mechanical properties by material extrusion

Publikationstyp
Journal Article
Date Issued
2022-07
Sprache
English
Author(s)
Drücker, Sven 
Voormann, Hauke  orcid-logo
Berg, Karl-Philipp von  
Ahrens, Maximilian Wilhelm Heinrich  
Wisniewski, Valea Kim 
Schröder, Eike  
Kehne, Andreas  
Detjen, Sönke  
Kayßer, Simon  
Keun, Christian-André  
Fiedler, Bodo  orcid-logo
Institut
Kunststoffe und Verbundwerkstoffe M-11  
TORE-URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11420/12742
Journal
Additive manufacturing  
Volume
55
Article Number
102797
Citation
Additive Manufacturing 55: 102797 (2022-07)
Publisher DOI
10.1016/j.addma.2022.102797
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85129126953
Material extrusion is the most commonly used additive manufacturing process. However, currently it is mainly applied for the production of prototypes or simple jigs and fixtures due to issues with anisotropic material behavior. Diffusion and entanglement of the polymer chains is limited between the layers and among the infill lines within a layer of the usually thermoplastic material as it solidifies immediately after deposition. This results in weak bonding leading to a reduced load-bearing capacity. In this study, a thermosetting polymer is developed and presented. It enables cross-linking over the interfaces between the infill lines and layers during post-curing which resolves this issue. The formulation is based on a solid epoxy resin, allowing it to be processed in filament form and a latent curing agent preventing it from curing within the hotend and ensuring a suitable shelf life. To benchmark the newly developed material it is compared to casted and milled bulk specimens and 3D printed specimens with commercial thermoplastic filaments. Tensile tests and micrographs of the fracture surfaces prove the mechanical isotropy of the solid epoxy formulation. In addition, the material formulation is modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes to add electrical conductivity and allow functional 3D printing. Due to the high aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, a significantly lower filler content is necessary compared to the commercial materials. However, an electrical anisotropy is still observed as the material remains in a solid state during post-curing to retain its shape which limits the mobility of the nanoparticles and suppresses the agglomeration needed for conductive network formation after thorough dispersion. Proof of concept studies show that the functionalized material can be used in temperature and strain sensing applications.
Subjects
Carbon nanotube
Electrical conductivity
Fused Deposition Modeling
Nanocomposite
Sensing
Funding(s)
Reaktiver multifunktionaler Duromerwerkstoff mit thermoplastischen Eigenschaften für Filament-basierte 3D-Druckprozesse (KMU-innovativ)  
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