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IEA HPT Annex 54: heat pump systems with low-GWP refrigerants ; country report: Germany
Publikationstyp
Technical Report
Date Issued
2022-01
Sprache
English
Author(s)
Albertsen, Björn
Herausgeber*innen
Other Contributor
Institut
First published in
Number in series
54
Start Page
95
End Page
116
Citation
IEA Annex 54 Annual Report (2021)
Publisher
IEA
This report provides a comprehensive, most up-to-date review of current research and the development of systems and their optimizations using low-GWP refrigerants for heat pump applications. It also includes a state-of-the-art review of life cycle evaluations of such systems using low-GWP refrigerants. It summarizes the collective efforts by researchers, engineers, and regulation committees across the industry. The report is comprised of the following chapters.
Chapter 1 provides two representative studies from teams in the United States. The first part summarizes the activities related to establishing a detailed database of alternative lower GWP refrigerants for various HVAC&R applications, including thermodynamic and transport properties. The goal is to identify the most suitable candidates for replacing traditional refrigerants based on thermodynamic performance and environmental benefits. It also considers the extent of potential system adjustments required to accommodate the new alternative refrigerants. The second part provides a comprehensive investigation of unitary air conditioners' life cycle climate performance. The review focused on life cycle climate performance methodologies, impacts of parameter and methodology selections, and a few representative case studies.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive update on research and development activities in Italy. Three research entities report their progress on low GWP refrigerants and their applications in various heat pump systems. The chapter covers condensation and boiling heat transfer coefficients measurements, and multiple experimental-oriented projects on long-term evaluations of novel heat pump systems using low GWP refrigerants.
Chapter 3 mainly describes the work in Japan, the first step of a two-step process on life cycle climate performance evaluation of heat pump-type air conditioners with next-generation refrigerants. It also presents an overview of a project to establish a new concept and hypothesis for life cycle climate performance evaluation, in which field data related to air conditioners is adopted.
Chapter 4 presents a study carried out by the France teams on finned tube heat exchangers using low GWP refrigerants. The study assessed the heat transfer performance during evaporation and condensation of R410A, R454B, and R32 in a finned tube heat exchanger. A 30-kW experimental setup was built to assess the heat exchanger performance with these three refrigerants. The simulations show that the same design of the finned tube heat exchanger can be used for R410A and R454B, but a design optimization is necessary with R32.
Chapter 5 presents a high-level summary of R&D progress across multiple institutions in Germany. Part one is a summary of the most recent large-scale heat pump monitoring project, a review of ongoing heat pump projects based on an analysis of the enArgus database, and a survey on heat pumps and their refrigerants as part of the market incentive program coordinated at the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control. In part two, within the last five years, the activities for heat pump research have changed. The activities cover more fundamental research up to the application of deployable heat pump demonstrators for white goods (e.g., dishwashers), mobile systems for electric-driven buses, or large capacity heat pumps systems for multi-family houses.
This report aims at providing a much-needed review and updates on component R&D using low-GWP refrigerants for heat pump applications. We hope it can be a good reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers across the HVAC industry. We greatly appreciate the contributions of authors for each chapter. The report would not exist without their valuable efforts.
Chapter 1 provides two representative studies from teams in the United States. The first part summarizes the activities related to establishing a detailed database of alternative lower GWP refrigerants for various HVAC&R applications, including thermodynamic and transport properties. The goal is to identify the most suitable candidates for replacing traditional refrigerants based on thermodynamic performance and environmental benefits. It also considers the extent of potential system adjustments required to accommodate the new alternative refrigerants. The second part provides a comprehensive investigation of unitary air conditioners' life cycle climate performance. The review focused on life cycle climate performance methodologies, impacts of parameter and methodology selections, and a few representative case studies.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive update on research and development activities in Italy. Three research entities report their progress on low GWP refrigerants and their applications in various heat pump systems. The chapter covers condensation and boiling heat transfer coefficients measurements, and multiple experimental-oriented projects on long-term evaluations of novel heat pump systems using low GWP refrigerants.
Chapter 3 mainly describes the work in Japan, the first step of a two-step process on life cycle climate performance evaluation of heat pump-type air conditioners with next-generation refrigerants. It also presents an overview of a project to establish a new concept and hypothesis for life cycle climate performance evaluation, in which field data related to air conditioners is adopted.
Chapter 4 presents a study carried out by the France teams on finned tube heat exchangers using low GWP refrigerants. The study assessed the heat transfer performance during evaporation and condensation of R410A, R454B, and R32 in a finned tube heat exchanger. A 30-kW experimental setup was built to assess the heat exchanger performance with these three refrigerants. The simulations show that the same design of the finned tube heat exchanger can be used for R410A and R454B, but a design optimization is necessary with R32.
Chapter 5 presents a high-level summary of R&D progress across multiple institutions in Germany. Part one is a summary of the most recent large-scale heat pump monitoring project, a review of ongoing heat pump projects based on an analysis of the enArgus database, and a survey on heat pumps and their refrigerants as part of the market incentive program coordinated at the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control. In part two, within the last five years, the activities for heat pump research have changed. The activities cover more fundamental research up to the application of deployable heat pump demonstrators for white goods (e.g., dishwashers), mobile systems for electric-driven buses, or large capacity heat pumps systems for multi-family houses.
This report aims at providing a much-needed review and updates on component R&D using low-GWP refrigerants for heat pump applications. We hope it can be a good reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers across the HVAC industry. We greatly appreciate the contributions of authors for each chapter. The report would not exist without their valuable efforts.
DDC Class
600: Technik
620: Ingenieurwissenschaften