Elasticity of cross-linked titania nanocrystal assemblies probed by AFM-bulge tests

In order to enable advanced technological applications of nanocrystal composites, e.g., as functional coatings and layers in flexible optics and electronics, it is necessary to understand and control their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to show how the elasticity of such composites depends on the nanocrystals’ dimensionality. To this end, thin films of titania nanodots (TNDs; diameter: ~3–7 nm), nanorods (TNRs; diameter: ~3.4 nm; length: ~29 nm), and nanoplates (TNPs; thickness: ~6 nm; edge length: ~34 nm) were assembled via layer-by-layer spin-coating. 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (12DAC) was added to cross-link the nanocrystals and to enable regular film deposition. The optical attenuation coefficients of the films were determined by ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) absorbance measurements, revealing much lower values than those known for titania films prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed a homogeneous coverage of the substrates on the µm-scale but a highly disordered arrangement of nanocrystals on the nm-scale. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the presence of the 12DAC cross-linker after film fabrication. After transferring the films onto silicon substrates featuring circular apertures (diameter: 32–111 µm), freestanding membranes (thickness: 20–42 nm) were obtained and subjected to atomic force microscopy bulge tests (AFM-bulge tests). These measurements revealed increasing elastic moduli with increasing dimensionality of the nanocrystals, i.e., 2.57 ± 0.18 GPa for the TND films, 5.22 ± 0.39 GPa for the TNR films, and 7.21 ± 1.04 GPa for the TNP films.

Subjects

composite film

bulge test

AFM

titania

nanoparticle

layer-by-layer

attenuation coefficient

elastic modulus

Young’s modulus

XPS

DDC Class

530: Physik

540: Chemie

600: Technik

620: Ingenieurwissenschaften

Funding(s)

SFB 986: Teilprojekt Z2

More Funding Information

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Lizenz

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Name

nanomaterials-09-01230-v2.pdf

Size

5.14 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

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Elasticity of cross-linked titania nanocrystal assemblies probed by AFM-bulge tests