Nanoporous metals with structural hierarchy: a review

Journal
Advanced engineering materials  
Article Number
1700389
Citation
Advanced Engineering Materials 12 (19): 1700389 (2017-12-01)
Publisher DOI
10.1002/adem.201700389
Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85027505888
Publisher
Wiley-VCH Verl.
Nanoporous (np) metals have generated much interest since they combine several desirable material characteristics, such as high surface area, mechanical size effects, and high conductivity. Most of the research has been focused on np Au due to its relatively straightforward synthesis, chemical stability, and many promising applications in the fields of catalysis and actuation. Other materials, such as np-Cu, Ag, and Pd have also been studied. This review discusses recent advances in the field of np metals, focusing on new research areas that implement and leverage structural hierarchy while using np metals as their base structural constituents. First, we focus on single-element porous metals that are made of np metals at the fundamental level, but synthesized with additional levels of porosity. Second, we discuss the fabrication of composite structures, which use auxiliary materials to enhance the properties of np metals. Important applications of these hierarchical materials, especially in the fields of catalysis and electrochemistry, are also reviewed. Finally, we conclude with a discussion about future opportunities for the advancement and application of np metals.
Subjects
dealloying
hierarchical materials
nanoporous metals
structural hierarchy
templating
DDC Class
530: Physik
600: Technik
Funding(s)
SFB 986: Teilprojekt B2 - Feste und leichte Hybridwerkstoffe auf Basis nanoporöser Metalle  
More Funding Information
This work was performed under the auspices of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant FA9550-14-1-0352 and with the support of the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. JB acknowledges the support provided through the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award number DE-SC0012573. JW acknowledges support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through its Coordinated Research Area SFB 986 Tailor-Made Multiscale Materials Systems, subproject B2.