Ever since network simulation was established the community is holding a never ending discussion on its credibility and degree of realism [35, 147, 149, 150, 270, 359]. Hence, network researchers and developers feel an increasing pressure to deliver experimentation results next to simulation such as from testbed and real-world settings for a credible and realistic evaluation of protocols and distributed systems. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Sustainable development goals and changing environmental policies lead the transformation of organizations to incorporate the circular economy principles and employ circular product development (CPD) practices. Consequently, this implies new competencies that need to be developed at organizational and individual level. There is lack of comprehensive understanding on the distinct competencies that are relevant for such transition, whereas the research on the competencies critical to CPD is scarce. Building on the two empirical studies involving experts and practitioners in the field of sustainability and circular economy, this chapter aims to integrate the findings for providing key competencies for CPD at the level of both an organization and an individual, and to inform on a holistic approach to competency development for CPD.

App-based ridepooling offers the chance to provide a high-quality public transportation service in areas that have been inadequately served so far. One of the main strengths of ridepooling services is their ability to offer direct access to the public transport system and thus provide an attractive service on the first and last mile. While traditional on-demand services have so far been quite inflexible, due to having a fixed timetable, needing to be ordered in advance of the trip via a call centre, app-based ridepooling promises a true on-demand service for the user. This study is based on a household survey carried out in June/July 2022 in suburban areas of Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city. We investigated one area with a modern app-based on-demand service, as well as one area with traditional dial-a-ride transport with telephone booking options. Similarities as well as differences in the perception of these different services were investigated. The results show that the modern on-demand services are significantly better known and more frequently used than the traditional dial-a-ride transport services. At the same time, the same features of demand responsive transport (DRT) service are shown to be important to people, regardless of the type of DRT service offered. In particular, flexible booking options should be highlighted, which modern demand responsive transport is better able to fulfil.