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    Modeling and design concepts for digital roads
    The opportunities of “Smart City” concepts have been reflected in many sectors of society, and these concepts are continuously being implemented in civil engineering as means of addressing the rising challenges of urbanization and climate change. Smart City concepts encompass technical, environmental, economic, and social innovations, aiming to render cities more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and socially inclusive. Smart city concepts have increasingly been applied to digitalize civil infrastructure in the form of digital roads. Digital roads leverage cloud-based and IoT-based applications and utilize smart sensor networks with structural, environmental, vehicular, and traffic data, in an attempt to generate, analyze, and store information about civil infrastructure. The comprehensive information generated by digital roads is provided to authorities, companies, and citizens in real time to facilitate planning of infrastructure maintenance, to advance decision-making processes, and to improve the quality of life. However, the information cannot systematically be used in engineering applications because current modeling and design concepts do not meet the requirements of digital roads. The proposed research project aims to provide a basis for fully utilizing information generated by digital roads. In addition, a methodology, tailored to digital roads, will be developed to record and to analyze stresses caused by traffic loads on civil infrastructure as time-dependent probability distributions, coupling sensor data and probabilistic concepts. The probability distributions of the stresses will be used for predicting material fatigue and deterioration. This research project is a follow-on project of the DFG project entitled “Semi-probabilistic, sensor-based design concepts for intelligent structural systems”. The methods developed in the previous project will be transferred to the field of digital roads. For this purpose, digital roads will mathematically be described, using categorical algebra and automata theory, and linked with concepts of traffic load detection and sensor-based Bayesian model updating. Finally, the methodology will be validated, focusing on road bridges, and simulated as a “digital road twin”. It is expected that a scientifically sound foundation will be provided to improve predictions of structural deterioration and life time of digital roads and to offer the transportation sciences a valid set of methods that help meet the growing challenges associated with urbanization and climate change.
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    Osmotic processes in the system cementitious material - coating with cold-curing resin
    In the project investigations on osmotic processes in the system cementitious material – coating with cold-curing resin are planned. Hypothesis is, that the action of the cementitious material as a semipermeable membrane together with the coating under certain conditions of composition, moisture transport and transport of chemical species leads to damages. At first the project covers investigations on resin systems as well as investigations on cementitious materials used as substrate for such coatings. Afterwards composite specimens of both components are examined under different conditions, relevant for practise. The experimental investigations are accompanied and supported by transport-reaction simulations of single experiments. These simulations are used to better understand part processes of the problem, that are not simply accessible by laboratory methods. On the other hand deficits in the understanding of the processes become obviously, if experimental results cannot be reproduced by the simulations. The applicants will provide recommendations to avoid blistering under different conditions, based on the new experiences on osmotic processes in composites made of cementitious materials and coatings with cold-curing resin. Parametres increasing the damage risk should be identified on the basis of experiments with precisely defined conditions. Both applicants introduce different expert's assessment in the project. The main focus of the applicant Schmidt-Döhl is the contribution of cementitious materials to osmotic processes and the transport-reaction simulation. The main focus of the applicant Osburg are the resin systems and the experiments with the composite species with cementitious material and resin.
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