4 results
Filters
Settings
Now showing1 - 4 of 4
- Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Systematisierung geeigneter fahrfremder Tätigkeiten für automatisiertes Fahren von schweren Güterkraftfahrzeugen(Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt), 2024); ; ; ; Höger, RainerWithin the framework of the research project, a systematisation of suitable non-driving related activities (NDRA) for automated driving (SAE Level 3 and Level 4) of heavy goods vehicles (SYMtastik) will be developed. For this purpose, NDRA are collected, categorised and linked to the criteria relevant for a suitability assessment for automated driving in a catalogue structure. According to §1b of the Road Traffic Act (StVG), vehicle drivers are allowed to turn away from traffic events and vehicle control while driving with highly and fully automated driving functions and can therefore perform NDRA. These NDRA and their systematisation are the subject of research in the SYMtastik project. Within the framework of the project, a catalogue was developed which, in addition to a formal structure and list of possible NDRA in the use case of heavy goods vehicles, contains criteria, which should be taken into account when assessing the suitability of NDRA for performing at SAE Level 3 and Level 4. The catalogue was filled with a selection of 27 NDRA as examples. The excel-based catalogue developed for the suitability assessment of NDRA at SAE Level 3 and Level 4 was based on the structure of a design catalogue according to ROTH (2001). It consists of a structure section, a main section and an access section as well as an appendix in which own comments are possible in addition to the source information for the NDRA. •The structure section categorises NDRA and gives the catalogue user an initial overview of the purpose of each NDRA (economic, economic/private and private) and the area (e.g. benefit accounting, health maintenance) to which the NDRA belongs. •The main section lists the identified NDRA and contains brief descriptions of the NDRA. For better orientation, the NDRA have been arranged along 57 main processes, with a focus on economic activities in the use case of heavy goods vehicles. •The access section consists of four parts and includes a total of 24 columns for the criteria and totals columns for the suitability assessment of NDRA at SAE Level 3 and Level 4. In addition, four columns offer the catalogue user the possibility to provide information on the potential economic benefit. Seven task attributes contain criteria that have been identified as relevant for creating a common understanding of the mostly heterogeneous processes of NDRA. This common understanding is important in order to arrive at similar or, ideally, identical suitability evaluations by several different experts. Of the 15 criteria of the task characteristics, seven need to be assessed by the catalogue user, the remaining eight result automatically on the basis of previously made entries. Among the task characteristics, the seven key criteria, which are directly included in the suitability assessment, are task complexity, strain on working memory, qualification requirements, monotony, overall mental demand/psychological fatigue and sensory-visual and motoric limitation. For the sake of clarity, the key criteria are highlighted with a traffic light. The two suitability assessments of the NDRA at SAE Level 3 and SAE Level 4 result automatically from linking the assessments of the task characteristics according to the stored assumptions and with the help of arithmetic operations. The developed suitability catalogue was kept as generic as possible, while at the same time making sure that a differentiation of the NDRA is ensured in the main section in such a way that an evaluation is possible in the access section. In addition to the criteria to be considered for the standardised suitability assessment, criteria for estimating the economic benefit potential were included to support the identification of possible use cases. In the excel-based catalogue, various aids such as a glossary, drop-down menus, filter functions and a read-me were implemented. The excel-based version makes it possible to restrict the catalogue to selected aspects, e.g. the economic benefit potential of NDRA for logistics service providers, and thus facilitates the applicability of the catalogue.Publicationtype: Book27 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Non-driving related activities in heavy goods vehicles with SAE Level 3 and 4 : an attempt to systematiseDue to the increase in the level of automation of vehicles and according regulations by law, in the future it will be possible to turn towards other activities while driving automatically. These so-called non-driving related activities (NDRA) and their systematisation in combination with an initial suitability assessment in relation to the driver availability are the focus of this article. After presenting the structure of the developed suitability catalogue for the systematisation of suitable non-driving related activities at SAE Level 3 and Level 4 in heavy goods vehicles, the challenges in creating such a systematisation and the implications for practice are described.Publicationtype: Conference Paper57 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Sources of nitrogen heterocyclic PAHs (N-HETs) along a riverine courseFor the first time the occurrence of 26 nitrogen heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (N-HETs) and the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) as a marker for anthropogenic influence was determined in an entire river system and its influents. Besides the investigation of diurnal and annual variations in concentrations, dilution and load calculations, the aims were to facilitate transferability to other rivers by identifying sources of the different substances. To create a sufficient database over 180 aqueous samples from the River Fuhse (Lower Saxony, Germany), its catchment area, effluents of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and rainwater were analyzed. Typical substances found in background water samples and rain samples were quinoline and isoquinoline, whereas 1-/3-methylisoquinoline were traced back to an industrial WWTP. Due to similar concentration levels in the effluents of municipal WWTPs, their impact on the river correlated with their nominal loads. In municipal WWTP effluents CBZ (cmedian = 1693 ng L− 1), 2-methylquinoline (cmedian = 64 ng L− 1), and acridine (cmedian = 62 ng L− 1) prevailed. Although the occurrence of N-HETs at contaminated sites is a widely discussed scientific topic, this study showed that the investigated site was a source with only small volumetric contribution to N-HET concentrations in the adjacent river. In total the River Fuhse discharges 20 kg a− 1 N-HETs and 21 kg a− 1 CBZ into the receiving river.Publicationtype: Journal Article8 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Development and application of a simultaneous SPE-method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated PAHs, heterocyclic PAHs (NSO-HET) and phenols in aqueous samples from German Rivers and the North SeaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic PAHs (NSO-HETs), alkylated PAHs and phenols are known as the prevailing contaminants in groundwater at tar contaminated sites. Besides these local sources, the concentrations and the distribution in particular of NSO-HETs in environmental samples, such as rivers, have received notably less attention. To investigate their occurrence in river basins two sensitive analytical methods for the simultaneous extraction of 86 substances including NSO-HETs, classical EPA-PAHs, alkylated PAHs and phenols were developed: liquid-liquid extraction for the whole water phase and solid phase extraction for the dissolved water phase only. Solely GC-MS or additionally LC-MSMS for fractionated basic nitrogen heterocycles (N-HETs) were used for quantification. Limits of quantification were in the low ngL-1 range. Concentrations were determined in 29 aqueous samples from 8 relatively large rivers located in Lower Saxony (Germany) and the North Sea. NSO-HETs had comparable or even higher sum concentrations than EPA-PAHs. N-HETs, especially acridine and quinolines with concentrations of up to 20ngL-1 per substance, were predominant.Publicationtype: Journal Article4