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    Photonische CuxO-Strukturen als kolorimetrische CO/CO2-Sensoren
    This project aims at developing self-sustaining, label-free, colorimetric sensors for carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) detection, utilizing the concept of adaptable 3D photonic structures composed of copper oxides (CuxO). These 3D structures exhibit refractive index modulation, either with long- or short-range periodicity, resulting in photonic bandstops or reflection edges that manifest as structural colors within the visible wavelength spectrum. The hypothesis revolves around leveraging the phase changes induced in CuxO by the interaction with CO/CO2, leading to observable shifts in structural color, enabling a straightforward, naked-eye assessment of gas exposure without the need for external power or underlying electronics. Building on our expertise in manipulating the reflective properties of photonic structures, the goal is to create CuxO photonic structures with short-range order, referred to as photonic glasses (PhGs). These PhGs will feature tunable structural color due to reaction-induced refractive index changes. The project will investigate the interplay between the 3D photonic structure's parameters, such as macropore size, volume filling, and oxide phase ratios, influencing their colorimetric response pre and post-exposure to CO/CO2. The focus is on in-situ characterization methods, tracking the morphology changes and alterations in optical properties induced by gas exposure and gas-solid reactions. The ultimate aim is to provide a user-friendly, photonic-based label-free colorimetric sensor for facile gas exposure assessment.
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    Enzyme and reaction engineering of unspecific peroxygenase driven hydroxylation of butane (BUPOx)
    This joint proposal of the working groups of Prof. Holtmann and Prof. Liese aims at the profound understanding of the influences and interactions of process parameters on the biocatalytic efficiency of the oxy functionalization of short chain alkanes. On the example of the asymmetric hydroxylation of butane to 2-butanol catalyzed by the recently emerging enzyme group, the unspecific peroxidases (UPO) detailed interdisciplinary process studies are carried out. The feasibility of the reaction system was already demonstrated in common preliminary research by the two groups in first bubble column experiments and at the same time the necessity for more detailed investigations to grasp the observed antagonistic effects. At first a model enzyme, the AaeUPO, will be characterized. Of particular interest is the stability regarding hydrogen peroxide feed rate and gassing effects from gaseous butane feed. To improve relevant selectivities a screening for new UPO variants (enantioselectivity) will be combined with reaction engineering, focusing on in situ product removal by extraction (process selectivity). As UPOs display a broad substrate scope, a “reversed” substrate screening is necessary to find suitable solvents that are not substrates at the same time. Lastly, promising UPO variants will be immobilized on a gas diffusion electrode that is integrated in the reactor. By this means new fundamental knowledge is generated in terms of overcoming limiting factors for hydroxylations catalyzed by UPOs.
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    Validation of Methods in Product Development through Experiments – Development of a Procedural Model
    In method research of product development it is a challenge to prove the validity of developed methods. However, particularly with regard to the success criteria usefulness, applicability and acceptance of methods, proof is crucial in order to successfully develop methods. In order to be able to provide this proof, method researchers currentlylack the scientific midstructure between general and abstract research methodology such as Design Research Methodology (DRM) and concrete aids to steps of method validation such as data acquisition through questionnaires. The aim of this research project is to develop a process model for the objective and reproducible validation ofmethods for product development. The process model should enable statements to be made on the success criteria of methods mentioned above. In the development of this process model, methods are validated experimentally and the obtained results are used to test and optimise the process model. In product development, a general distinction can be made between methods focusing on individual work, such as analysis methods, and methods focusing on teamwork, such as brainstorming. In order to cover this spectrum of methods with the process model, expertise in these areas is required. This expertise is based on the experience of the IPEK with the C&C² -Approach (focus on individual work) and the PKT with the integrated PKT approach (focus on teamwork). In their investigation, the existing experiences of the chairs with various data acquisition methods are also used for the experimental studies. At PKT, experiences withstudy observers and focus group interviews are used to investigate methods with a focus on teamwork. At the IPEK, eye-tracking and think-aloud are used to investigate methods for individual work. What is innovative about the process model to be researched is that by supporting the experimental investigation of methods, reproducible and objective statements on the described success criteria of methods become possible. A division of the methods into individual method steps supports the performance of experimentalinvestigations. Thus, the results of the validation can be actively used in method research, which has not been possible so far due to the mostly downstream and less objective validation activities. With the process model developed on this basis, a three-stage experimental study (preliminary study, main study, test study) is carried out in orderto analyse, optimise and evaluate its suitability for method validation.The developed process model makes it possible to build up suitable studies in order to be able to make statements about the success criteria usefulness, applicability and acceptance of methods. In this way, method researchers will be supported in the validation of their developed methods in the future.
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