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Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Cloud encounter impact on operational and economical effectiveness of hybrid-laminar-flow-control aircraftHowever, due to high sensitivities of HLFC toward operational boundary conditions, estimations of its overall benefit are usually afflicted with large uncertainties. Among the critical environmental factors is the degradation of laminarity when flying through clouds at high altitudes. This paper provides an assessment on operational and economical effectiveness of HLFC aircraft with a detailed inclusion of the cloud encounter effect in three steps. First the expected time in cloud (TIC) in a real route network with cloud data given by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast is analyzed, yielding an average TIC of 10%. Subsequently, HLFC fuel efficiency with and without considering the cloud effect on mid- to long-range aircraft is dealt with. Results show an average drop of fuel benefit from 12.8 to 12.0% due to clouds. The effectiveness of lateral route optimization to reduce the impact of clouds is investigated in the last analysis. Outcomes show that these mitigation strategies are economically beneficial for few cases only. The overall picture confirms that cloud encounter must not be neglected when assessing aircraft with HLFC.Publicationtype: Journal Article266 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Impact of cloud encounter mitigation procedures on operational and economic effectiveness of HLFC aircraftThe objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of cloud encounter on operational and economic effectiveness of aircraft with hybrid laminar flow control (HLFC) based on real-world flight routes and weather data. The focus is to evaluate whether cloud mitigation procedures are an appropriate measure to maximize the expected benefit of HLFC-technology under realistic meteorological boundary conditions. A global analysis of cloud encounter on typical airline routes has been conducted based on atmospheric data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Different routing procedures have been benchmarked against each other and the most appropriate procedure for daily flight operation will be discussed. For optimizing the daily route planning of HLFC aircraft with respect to cost (direct routing with cloud encounter and performance losses vs. re-routed flightpath) models for lateral trajectory optimization and calculation have been applied.Publicationtype: Conference Paper206