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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Nature-based Solutions for sandy coasts as sustainable adaptation measures to climate change - a contribution to the broadened conceptual understanding of NbS from an engineering as well as a societal perspectiveFor centuries, coastal protection was characterized by the fight against nature. Nowadays it enables a safe life and economic activity along the coast, but climate change poses new challenges to the existing coastal protection and requires substantial adaptations. In combination with a paradigm shift in society's view of the coastal landscape and nature in general, a discourse on future technically possible, sustainable and sensible coastal protection is stimulated. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) represent promising adaptations for sandy coasts, providing ecological and societal benefits in addition to protection. In order for these to find their way into future common practice and to fully exploit their potential for Water, Nature and People, a broadened understanding of NbS from both engineering and societal perspectives is needed to facilitate cooperation at all levels. The present thesis starts off at this point. Adopting an inter- and transdisciplinary approach allows the issues to be considered and analysed from different scientific disciplines as well as actors’ perspectives. By combining a broad spectrum of analytical tools, insights can be generated that go beyond the spectrum of the disciplines involved. Exemplary for sandy coasts, the North Frisian Islands of Amrum and Föhr are selected as investigation area. An insight into the evolution of coastal protection and its characterising rationale is obtained through a systematic literature review. How this rationale is anchored in the minds of people is investigated with an analysis of the assessment of protective measures based on conducted semi-structured interviews. In combination, both analyses reveal a dynamic evolution characterised by experimenting and tinkering with various types of coastal protection. Well-established measures like diking or stalk plantings in dunes, are prevailingly assessed as useful, adequate and trustworthy for the time being. Supposedly new concepts like NbS are initially often met with scepticism as they cannot be readily placed in the existing category system of coastal protection. The conducted review of coastal ecosystems as NbS discloses that they offer a chance to close this gap. Thanks to their inherent resilience, in addition to the existing coastal protection, NbS represent a sustainable adaptation option to climate change. To broaden the understanding of NbS from an engineering perspective, a conceptual analysis of the underlying processes within coastal ecosystems reveals and analyses the properties of NbS which can be fine-tuned and their role and interrelationships with regard to service, resistance and resilience. To broaden the understanding of NbS from a societal perspective, a socio-scientific analysis identifies the coastal dwellers’ key requests towards coastal protection. The Key Societal Requests can help coastal dwellers to contextualise NbS in their established category system of coastal protection and highlight the importance and the potential of societal aspects to coastal engineers. Both perspectives add to a broadened conceptual understanding of NbS, so that NbS can find way into common practice as sustainable adaptation measures to climate change and, thus, ultimately contribute to the re-diversification of coastal protection for an increased coastal resilience.Publicationtype: Doctoral Thesis146 199 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Exploring past and present dynamics of coastal protection as possible signposts for the future?: A case study on the Islands of Amrum and Föhr in the North Frisian Wadden Sea (GER)Coastal protection comprises shoreline preservation and stabilisation as well as flood protection. Besides these technical aspects, coastal protection also represents a genuine social endeavour. Within this interplay of technical and social dimensions, planning and acting for the safety of people and assets along the coastline has become increasingly difficult for the responsible authorities. Within this context, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for coastal protection offer a promising addition to and adaptation for existing protection measures such as dikes, sea walls or groynes. They bear the potential to adapt to shifting boundary conditions caused by climate change and cater the growing social call for sustainable solutions that benefit water, nature and people alike. This paper analyses, how NbS can fit into the entangled and historically grown system of coastal protection. As a paradigmatic example, the German islands of Amrum and Föhr were chosen. To contextualise the topic, a brief recap of the formation of these North Frisian Islands and their social history regarding coastal protection is given. This will be followed by a review of the relevant literature on the development of coastal protection on the two islands including its historical development. Using the theory of Social Representations (SRs), these historical insights are analytically contrasted with a synchronic snapshot gained from stakeholder interviews about the assessment of protective measures, and their anticipated future development with regard to the possible feasibility and implementation of NbS. This analysis reveals that, historically and synchronically seen, coastal protection on both islands is rather characterised by a dynamic rationale and the constant testing of and experimenting with different measures and concepts. However, well-established measures like diking or the construction of brushwood groynes for foreland creation are not being questioned while new approaches running against this rationale such as NbS are in many cases initially met with scepticism and doubt. Out of this follows that past and present dynamics in coastal protection play a vital role in planning. Hence, the implementation of NbS as signposts for the future requires an integrated and balanced interdisciplinary approach that considers the socio-technical dimensions of coastal protection for future coastal adaptation.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 3 95 437 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Bridging the gap between coastal engineering and nature conservation?: A review of coastal ecosystems as nature-based solutions for coastal protectionUnder the umbrella term of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) fall measures from a wide range of disciplines. With regard to coastal protection, coastal ecosystems represent possible and promising NbS to coastal threats such as storm surges or erosion. Around the globe, the looming climate change and related developments in the coastal landscapes as well as a paradigm shift in societal views shifted the focus of decision-makers and researchers onto NbS for coastal protection, driving the need for a comprehensive up-to-date review of coastal ecosystems like salt marshes, mangroves, seagrass meadows, beaches, dunes, coral, and shellfish/oyster reefs and their benefits for Water, Nature and People alike. While existing reviews of NbS have mainly focused on the idea of softer coastal protection in general and constraints regarding management and regulations, this study reviews not only the characteristics, features and needs of the coastal ecosystems under consideration but also examines the ecosystems’ potential and related processes for coastal protection, their ecological as well as their societal benefits. This review paper is based on an extensive literature review and analysis of scientific publications, books and book sections, guidelines, reports, policy recommendations and strategies. In order to create a basis for the selection of site-suitable adaptation measures for local coastal challenges and questions, this study compiles the coastal ecosystems’ key features and elaborates the provided ecosystem services for protective, ecological and societal needs. The highlighted diversity of processes within ecosystems that directly cause or support coastal protection, in combination with the multiple ecological services and societal benefits, underlines the great potential of coastal ecosystems to bridge the gap between coastal engineering and nature conservation. In combination with existing coastal protection, coastal ecosystems as NbS can serve both disciplines equally and provide an integral, sustainable element in the adaptation of coastal protection to climate change.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 24 121 355 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , EcoDike - grüne Seedeiche und Deckwerke für den Küstenschutz(Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, 2022); ; ; ; Sea dikes are not only an important coastal protection element, but also represent an ecosystem that can supply valuable ecosystem services. The objective of the project EcoDike was to develop and investigate methods and approaches for ecological enhancements of sea dikes and finally compile recommendations for ecologically enhanced and ecosystem-supporting sea dikes. The dike safety, however, and with this the coastal protection function still have highest priority. Options for ecological enhancement of sea dikes were found by (i) supporting natural or nature-based solutions in the foreshore, e.g. foreshore vegetation, and (ii) enhancing the dike structure itself, e.g. with ecologically more valuable sea dike vegetation. Investigating the interaction of hydrodynamic processes and foreshore vegetation, new methods for vegetation parameterization were developed and new insights into reduction of wave loads on sea dikes due to foreshore vegetation were gained. The ecological value of dike covers can be enhanced by applying ecologically more valuable vegetation, especially herbs and legumes. In doing so, the erosion protection of the dike cover has to be maintained. With physical model tests, in-situ tests and laboratory analyses, new knowledge on vegetation establishment, ecological value and erosion resistance of different vegetations under coastal conditions was acquired. Monitoring and maintenance strategies were analyzed and in-situ tests and evaluation schemes were developed and tested.Publicationtype: Journal Article120 354 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , 64 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Towards adaptive asset management in flood risk management : a policy framework(Elsevier, 2021-04); ; ; ; EU Member States invest some €2.5 billion per year in flood protection, yet flood damages continue to increase. A new approach to the planning, design and management of flood protection assets is needed to ensure risks are better managed and asset management is aligned with broader socio-economic policies and supporting governance systems. This paper sets out a policy framework to enable this transition. The framework results from a collaboration of researchers and practitioners from around the North Sea. The findings highlight common challenges and identify four priority Policy Recommendations in response to these: ‘Break free of the silo’ by aligning planning processes; ‘Mind the gap’ between strategic and operational choices; ‘Prepare for change’ by developing multi-functional and flexible plans; and ‘Make space for innovation’ by seeking to manage risk rather than avoiding it.Publicationtype: Journal Article132 467 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Unterhaltung ökologisch aufgewerteter SeedeicheZunächst wird der Status Quo der Unterhaltungsstrategien und der Unterhaltungsprozesse in den Küstenländern, die für den Hochwasserschutz an der Küste und für den Küstenschutz zuständig sind, dargestellt. Außerdem werden mittels einer Analyse des Risikos bzw. der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten von Deichen mit Bezug zur Unterhaltung und Instandhaltung mögliche Schwachstellen einzelner Elemente von Deichen herausgestellt. Hierbei wird die Qualität der Grasnarbe als wesentliches Kriterium für die Sicherheit von Deichen identifiziert. Darauf aufbauend wird ein risikobasierter Ansatz zur Bewertung der Sicherheit von Deichen und zur Deichunterhaltung erarbeitet, der unterstützt durch in situ Tests zur Verbesserung der Objektivierung der Bewertung des Zustands von Deichen beiträgt. Wesentliche Aspekte der in situ Tests sind die Qualität der Grasnarbe, die Scherfestigkeit sowie die Erosionsstabilität der Grasnarbe.Publicationtype: Book Part118 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Adaptive asset management for flood protection: The FAIR framework in action(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2020-12-03); ; ; ; Uncertainties about climate change consequences, changing societal requirements and system complexity require flood protection asset managers to continuously evaluate their asset management policies and practice to manage risk and improve the resilience of their assets. However, there are many challenges in doing this, with asset operators often facing conflicting interests and major uncertainties about the future needs for asset performance. In the EU Interreg IV FAIR project, flood protection asset owners and operators, with scientific partners from the North Sea Region of Europe collaborated to develop practical guidance for adaptive asset management of flood protection infrastructure. The central component of this guidance is the FAIR framework, presented here. The framework combines insights and principles from ISO 55000 on asset management and ISO 14090 on climate adaptation with asset operator experiences to provide a practical guide for integration of asset management considerations within both strategic and operational contexts via a tactical handshake. This is a means to avoid the common lack of connection between strategic plans and operational practice. The applicability of the framework is illustrated with examples from Pilot Cases within the FAIR project, in which its value in terms of improved asset management and reduced costs has been demonstrated.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 9 185 188 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Unterhaltung grüner Seedeiche im deutschen Küstenraum - Eine Analyse der bestehenden UnterhaltungsstrategienPublicationtype: Conference Paper65 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Maintenance of flood protection infrastructure in the North Sea Region - An Analysis of existing maintenance strategiesPublicationtype: Conference Paper58