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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    A metamodel for cyber-physical systems
    (2019-08)
    Fitz, Theresa
    ;
    Theiler, Michael
    ;
    Smarsly, Kay
    With the advent of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 concepts, cyber-physical systems in civil engineering experience an increasing impact on structural health monitoring (SHM)and control applications. Designing, optimizing, and documenting cyber-physical system on a formal basis require platform-independent and technology-independent metamodels. This study, with emphasis on communication in cyber-physical systems, presents a metamodel for describing cyber-physical systems. First, metamodeling concepts commonly used in computing in civil engineering are reviewed and possibilities and limitations of describing communication-related information are discussed. Next, communication-related properties and behavior of distributed cyber-physical systems applied for SHM and control are explained, and system components relevant to communication are specified. Then, the metamodel to formally describe cyber-physical systems is proposed and mapped into the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an open international standard for building information modeling (BIM). Finally, the IFC-based approach is verified using software of the official IFC certification program, and it is validated by BIM-based example modeling of a prototype cyber-physical system, which is physically implemented in the laboratory. As a result, cyber-physical systems applied for SHM and control are described and the information is stored, documented, and exchanged on the formal basis of IFC, facilitating design, optimization, and documentation of cyber-physical systems.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      76
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    Metamodeling wireless communication in cyber-physical systems
    (2019-06)
    Smarsly, Kay
    ;
    Fitz, Theresa
    ;
    Legatiuk, Dmitrii
    With recent developments in embedded sensing technologies, cyber-physical systems, materializing Industry 4.0 concepts, are increasingly implemented in civil engineering to advance structural health monitoring (SHM) and control applications. Recent studies have shown the potential of metamodels enabling information integration and interoperability between different platforms and technologies, while metamodeling of cyber-physical systems has been scarce. In this study, a metamodel for describing cyber-physical systems, putting emphasis on communication issues, is proposed and implemented into a SHM and control system. The metamodel is mapped into the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data schema that is standardized for describing structures compliant to the principles of building information modeling (BIM). Finally, the metamodel proposed in this study is validated by IFC-compliant, BIM-based example modeling and implementation of a cyber-physical system designed to monitor and control a laboratory test structure.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      39
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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    A Semantic Model for Wireless Sensor Networks in Cognitive Buildings
    (2019-06)
    Ibáñez, Stalin
    ;
    Fitz, Theresa
    ;
    Smarsly, Kay
    Cognitive buildings, being aware of their own performance, actively learn and adapt to the environment, enhancing comfort and safety of occupants. While the integration of Internet of things (IoT) technology, machine learning, reasoning, and augmented reality into cognitive building concepts has made substantial progress, the integration of structural health monitoring (SHM) and control systems into cognitive buildings has received little attention. In this paper, a semantic model for describing SHM and control systems associated with cognitive buildings is proposed. The semantic model, formally describing SHM and control systems components as well as interrelations between the components, serves as a basis to document, to manage, and to optimize cognitive buildings. Through the semantic model, a laboratory test structure, mimicking a cognitive building, and a prototype SHM and control system, which is installed on the laboratory test structure, are described using building information modeling (BIM). Both the cognitive building and the SHM and control system are physically implemented in the laboratory for validation tests. The results clearly demonstrate the ability of the semantic model to formally describe SHM and control systems associated with cognitive buildings.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      58