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Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Blending of Aviation PowerfuelsAs the global energy landscape evolves in response to anthropogenic climate change, there is an increasing focus on using sustainable alternatives to conventional fossil-based fuels. In aviation such an alternative is provided by drop-in synthetic fuels which can blended with fossil kerosene to produce a blend that is virtually indistinguishable from conventional kerosene and is fully compatible with existing infrastructure. However, for most of these fuels blending is a crucial part of the process as the fuels are not fully drop-in on their own. This topic is discussed in the following chapter, with a focus on powerfuels.Publicationtype: Book part21 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Multiblend JET A-1 in practice: results of an R&D project on synthetic paraffinic kerosenes(Wiley-VCH, 2020-04-30); ; ; ; The research and demonstration project, DEMO-SPK, a model project under the German Mobility and Fuel Strategy (MFS), investigated the use of renewable kerosene at the Leipzig/Halle airport. Its primary goal was to examine and verify the behavior of blends consisting of several types of renewable kerosene and fossil JET A-1, under the realistic supply conditions of a major airport. The project demonstrated that the supply chain for multiblend JET A-1 was technically feasible and that the fuel could be used without requiring any changes in the normal operating procedures. The project also confirmed that the use of multiblend JET A-1 resulted in a 30–60% reduction in particulate emissions for ground operations and a reduction in CO2 equivalents, compared with pure fossil JET A-1.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 7 176 232 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Blending of synthetic kerosene and conventional keroseneAccording to the current standards synthetic kerosene must be blended with conventional hydrocarbons or Jet A or Jet A-1 before it can be released as jet fuel. Besides a certain volumetric limit jet fuel specifications define a set of (additional) properties a blend must fulfill for certification. Thus, a proper selection of matching synthetic and conventional fuel batches for blending ("matching blendstock") will be of significant importance at some point in the future aviation fuel supply chain. If the properties of the involved batches are unfavorable, the maximum allowable blending ratio may not be achievable. Yet from a technical point of view, even blending ratios beyond the currently specified limit could be possible, if two favorable batches were chosen. Surveys have shown that properties of conventional kerosene vary considerably within the prescribed range of the specification. Against this background this chapter first provides an overview of the main types of molecules present in kerosene in order to illustrate their influence on fuel properties. Afterwards conventional and synthetic kerosene are characterized in detail. Finally, the most relevant properties for blending are identified for a wide variety of synthetic and conventional kerosene.Publicationtype: Book Part200