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Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Application of novel and technical lignins in food and pharmaceutical industries: structure-function relationship and current challengesNatural compounds include a boundless diversity of molecules and functionalities that represent an excellent pool of materials for production of functional foods, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Research on lignin functional and bioactive properties has recently become the center of interest for research centers worldwide, chasing for the complete valorization of products obtained in biorefining processes and unraveling the potential of this natural polymer for its use in high adding-value target industries, as the case of pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics. This review addresses the potential applications of lignin for human consumption products, as well as the current challenges that these potential products need to overcome in the regulatory frame and consumer acceptance. Moreover, lignin structure-related mechanisms are proposed with emphasis in pharmaceutical and food applications.Publicationtype: Journal Article190 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Lignin from second-generation biorefinery for pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes(Springer, 2021-12); ; ; ; In this work, the potential of lignin as a filler additive and anti-aging agent in a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) based on natural rubber (NR) was investigated. Herein, different approaches to incorporate lignin into NR matrix by adaptation of a two-step compounding process were evaluated. At first, a twin-screw extruder (TSE) was utilized to prepare pre-formulations followed by the secondary finalization of adhesive mass inside a planetary roll extruder (PRE). For the industrial production of PSAs, the adhesive mass is required to have well-distributed additive materials and adequate adhesion, cohesion, and longevity. The impact of the added lignin was evaluated concerning optical appearance, compatibility between lignin and rubber/resin, adhesion performance, shear strength, thermal stability, antioxidant capability, dynamic-mechanical behavior, aging behavior at elevated temperature and under UV exposure, and filler morphology. It was found that the PSAs including aquasolv (AS) lignin after the spray-drying post-treatment exhibited excellent thermal, mechanical, and antioxidative properties. Thus, it was shown that the sustainably producible lignin can be utilized both as filler and antioxidant in natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive masses with comparable performance properties as commercially available products.Publicationtype: Journal Article174 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Application of Aquasolv Lignin in ibuprofen-loaded pharmaceutical formulations obtained via direct compression and wet granulationAS (Aquasolv) Lignin produced via Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis has shown potential as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and/or excipient in solid dosage forms. Moreover, lignin is safe to consume and presents antioxidant and antidiabetic capacity, properties that can add to solid dosage forms in pharmaceuticals. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of tablets produced via direct compression and wet granulation when lignin is used in combination with commercial excipients. In order to find optimal tablet performance, different lignin formulations were assessed, and the concentrations were given by extreme vertices mixture design (13 formulations). The blends were composed of AS Lignin, Microcrystalline Cellulose, and Lactose monohydrate and the optimized blend was found to be 14.53 w/w% of disintegrant, 26.57 w/w% of binder and 58.9 w/w% of AS lignin. This proportion was further used to evaluate the performance of lignin-based tablets in drug release, using Ibuprofen as a drug model (50 w/w% and 70 w/w%) and for comparison of direct compression with wet granulation. Direct compressed tablets resulted in higher drug dissolution rates when compared with wet granulation, nevertheless; both tableting techniques showed promising results for lignin. More than 5 formulations tested in this work are compliant with International Pharmacopoeia regulations for solid dosage pharmaceutical forms, thus AS Lignin shows potential to be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. Industrial relevance: Industrially, AS Lignin appears as promising excipient in the pharmaceutical technologies as well as boost in the biorefining technologies in the following years. Lignin produced is free of sulfur, can be labelled as clean and environmentally-friendly and in this study, was proven this non-cytotoxic AS lignin can be used for excipients and drug carriers. The findings in this paper showed the use of product formulation for life science purposes, thus stressing one of possibilities for lignin valorization in biorefineries.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 16 84 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Optimization of the spray-drying process for developing aquasolv lignin particles using response surface methodologyParticle size and morphology are of high industrial importance due to the fact that product properties and performance can be affected by this factors. For instance, bulk properties, processability and appearance of the final product are given by particle size and shape. In this regard, the optimization of process parameters for particle development is required when targeting formulation of specific product and/or particular properties. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the spray drying process for the development of aquasolv lignin particles with desired particle size and morphology. The inlet drying temperature X1: 180–200 °C, atomization pressure X2: 1.3–1.7 bar and feeding rate X3: 65–75 mL min−1 were kept as independent variables while the optimizing responses were: Yield fine of particles with desired particle size and particle size (D50). The quadratic part of the equation and statistical analysis showed substantial effect of the atomizing pressure and feeding rate on the responses and the optimized conditions validated the model. Optimum processing conditions for spray drying of aquasolv lignin were inlet temperature of 173 °C, 1.8 bar atomization pressure and 62 mL/min feeding rate. With this, desired responses of powder were 66% of yield and particle size of D50 < 30 µm were obtained. The experimental values were found to be in agreement with the predicted values indicating the suitability of the model in predicting the particle size and yield of aquasolv lignin.Publicationtype: Journal Article108 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Cytotoxicity and biological capacity of sulfur-free lignins obtained in novel biorefining processLignin is one of the most promising and versatile products obtained in biorefineries due to its diverse therapeutic properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, these properties depend on the source of lignin and the way it was isolated from the biomass. In this study, four different lignins are compared (extracted with Aquasolv (ASL1, ASL2), Organosolv (OSL) and Alkali (ALK) processes) for their cellular antioxidant capacity, anti-diabetic activity, free radical scavenging and cytotoxicity. Alkali and Organosolv lignins showed the highest antioxidant capacity 1159.815 μmol TE g−1 and 1463.415 μmol TE g−1, respectively, in agreement with their highest amount of free –OH groups. Additionally, OSL showed the highest inhibition in the antidiabetic assay followed by ASL1 with values for α–amylase of 3.6 mg/ml and 4.3 mg/ml respectively, and α–glucosidase 1.6 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml correspondingly. Nevertheless, cell-based assays revealed that ASL has the lowest cytotoxic effect in Caco-2 cells and, thus, is 10 times less cytotoxic than Alkali and OSL. This work suggests the applicability of ASL for high value applications such as cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Industrial relevance: Industrially, Liquid Hot Water (LHW) and Organosolv processes may appear as promising biorefining technologies in the following years. Lignin produced is free of sulfur, can be labelled as clean and environmentally-friendly and in this study, was proven that LHW lignin is non cytotoxic. The findings in this paper showed that different sources of lignin can be used in product formulation for life science purposes, thus opening a broad spectrum of possibilities for lignin valorisation in biorefineries.Publicationtype: Journal Article211