CO₂ Transport and Storage Options

Since the onset of industrialization, humanity has been releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere due to the use of fossil fuels. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that significantly impacts the global climate when concentrated in the atmosphere. To limit global warming to below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels, as outlined in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, greenhouse gas emissions—especially CO2 from fossil fuels—must be drastically reduced. In addition to replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, strategies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture and utilization (CCU), collectively known as CCUS, offer ways to mitigate CO2 emissions. As new applications for CO2 are expected to emerge, and as the volume and transport distance of CO2 will likely increase in the future, there is an urgent need to further develop the global CO2 infrastructure. A suitable infrastructure must be designed to handle the specific characteristics of CO2, including transportation methods and facilities for conditioning and intermediate storage. Therefore, first the key properties of CO2 are presented and then the current state and future advancements in CO2 conditioning, storage, and transportation are reviewed. Finally, scenarios are created to compare different CO2 logistics chains, evaluated from a techno-economic perspective, followed by an outlook on future developments and concluding remarks.

Subjects

CO 2 | CO infrastructure 2 | CO logistics 2 | CO storage 2 | CO transport 2

DDC Class

333.7: Natural Resources, Energy and Environment