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Provision of Pure Carbon Dioxide Streams – Possibilities and Constraints
Publikationstyp
Book Part
Date Issued
2024
Sprache
English
Volume
Part F3771
Start Page
399
End Page
429
Citation
In: Powerfuels : Status and Prospects / edited by Nils Bullerdiek, Ulf Neuling, Martin Kaltschmitt: 399-429 (2025)
Publisher DOI
Scopus ID
Publisher
Springer
ISSN
18653529
ISBN
978-3-031-62411-7
Carbon, for example in the form of carbon-based fuels, plays a vital role in numerous industries, particularly in the energy sector. This results in the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a major contributor to global warming. To mitigate climate change, CO2 emissions must be reduced and sustainable carbon sources must be used. Carbon capture can play a key role in this. This paper provides an overview of different technological approaches to capture and purify CO2 from point sources. It discusses the main strategies for carbon capture: primary measures, which focus on modifying industrial processes to pre-concentrate CO2, and secondary measures, which involve extracting and purifying CO2. Pre-concentration techniques such as pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion are analyzed, and their efficiencies, energy requirements, and costs are compared. In addition, various CO2 extraction methods (secondary measures), including ab- and adsorption, membrane, and cryogenic separation, will be evaluated for their energy consumption, CO2 purity, and maturity. Optimal integration of primary and secondary measures, tailored to specific industrial processes, is critical to reducing energy requirements and costs. Ultimately, carbon capture technology plays a pivotal role in achieving the global climate goals set by the Paris Agreement, enabling industries with limited decarbonization options, such as cement and steel, to achieve carbon neutrality and contribute to a circular economy.
Subjects
Absorption | Adsorption | Capture technologies | Carbon capture | CO capture 2 | CO extraction 2 | CO separation 2 | Membrane separation | Oxyfuel-combustion | Post-combustion | Pre-combustion
DDC Class
333.7: Natural Resources, Energy and Environment
660: Chemistry; Chemical Engineering