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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    ETH Relay: a cost-efficient relay for ethereum-based blockchains
    (IEEE, 2020-11)
    Frauenthaler, Philip
    ;
    Sigwart, Marten
    ;
    Spanring, Christof
    ;
    Sober, Michael Peter
    ;
    Schulte, Stefan
    Current blockchain relay schemes require the immediate validation of each relayed block header by the destination blockchain. This leads to high operating cost when deploying these relays between Ethereum-based blockchains where validating block headers on-chain is computationally expensive.To overcome these limitations, we introduce a novel relay scheme that employs a validation-on-demand pattern combined with economic incentives to reduce the cost of operating a relay between Ethereum-based blockchains by up to 92%. With this relay scheme, decentralized interoperability between blockchains like Ethereum and Ethereum Classic becomes feasible.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      99
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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    Characterizing efficiency optimizations in solidity smart contracts
    (IEEE, 2020-11)
    Brandstätter, Tamara
    ;
    Schulte, Stefan
    ;
    Cito, Jürgen
    ;
    Borkowski, Michael
    On many blockchain platforms, gas fees have to be paid for deploying and executing smart contracts. These fees depend on the size of the contract code as well as the needed computational steps and required storage space of a smart contract. Because of the large amount of gas cost paid each day, there is an inherent motivation to optimize smart contract code in order to reduce these cost.Within this paper, we discuss the application of 25 strategies for code optimization to Solidity smart contracts. A prototype is developed which detects potential optimizations and partially automatically optimizes the code accordingly. The optimization strategies are evaluated based on 3,018 verified open source smart contracts from etherscan.io. We find 471 rule violations in the test data spread across 204 different contract files.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      49