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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , CATO: Wake-Up reCeiver-bAsed communicaTiOn for Batteryless Devices(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-11-07); ; ; ; Batteryless devices offer an unparalleled opportunity for long-term, low-maintenance, and sustainable operation. These opportunities are especially attractive in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Such devices, however, rely on a stringent energy budget for their operation. As a result, batteryless devices often operate intermittently. Therefore, energy-intensive functionalities such as wireless communication, though valuable in practical applications, are still a significant challenge to realize on such devices. This work proposes wake-up receiver-based solutions for facilitating energy-efficient communication among batteryless, energy-harvesting devices. As a foundation for realizing wireless communication, we introduce BEWARE-MAC, a MAC protocol that exploits the capabilities of the underlying WuR to enable efficient message exchanges among batteryless devices. To demonstrate the broadcast capabilities of BEWARE-MAC, we propose WEND, a WuR-based neighbor discovery protocol that can operate on intermittently powered, batteryless devices. Finally, we present an evaluation of the proposed protocols using both experimental and simulation-based results. Our results suggest that BEWARE-MAC can improve the goodput of energy-constrained devices by up to 61.1%.Publicationtype: Journal Article70 29 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Solar-based timekeeping for batteryless devices(Technische Universität Clausthal, 2025-09-11); ; The Internet of Things (IoT) is steadily gaining traction, but its reliance on battery power raises significant challenges. To address this, researchers are developing energyharvesting IoT devices that operate on intermittent power, eliminating the need for batteries but complicating accurate timekeeping due to unreliable energy supply. Traditional Real-Time Clocks (RTCs) and synchronization methods are ineffective under such conditions, hindering tasks that require precise timing. We propose timekeeping using TinyML to predict sunrise and sunset based on power usage patterns, enabling autonomous time inference without continuous power or external synchronization. We trained and evaluated multiple lightweight models through simulation and with real hardware, and we demonstrate their potential and shortcomings compared to conventional methods.Publicationtype: Conference Paper55 20 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , WiP paper: scattering algorithm for continuous sensing in battery-free networks(Junction Publishing, 2025-09); ; ; In the era of ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) devices and wearable technology, the sustainable operation of battery-free systems solely powered by energy harvesting presents both opportunities and challenges. We introduce ScAlg, a decentralized algorithm that leverages wake-up radios to scatter the active times of battery-free devices in a network, ensuring continuous operation and enhanced dependability even with tight energy constraints. Our approach leverages intermittent computing principles to reduce redundant activities and improve energy efficiency. By conducting simulations and hardware experiments, we demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness. Although this is a work in progress, our findings show potential for strategic alignment of active times and intelligent task management in achieving sustainable, batteryless IoT systems capable of maintaining functionality in energy-variable environments.Publicationtype: Conference Paper55 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Energy-aligned wake-up scattering for batteryless devicesBatteryless systems promise a revolution in the Internet of Things (IoT) by eliminating the need for batteries, thereby reducing maintenance costs and environmental impact. However, these systems face significant challenges in energy management, which become even more complex when devices are required to collaborate with one another. In this demo, we showcase ScAlg, a decentralized algorithm that leverages wake-up receivers to scatter wake-up times within a fully connected network of batteryless devices. This approach improves operational continuity and reliability under strict energy constraints. Our hardware setup demonstrates how batteryless nodes utilize wakeup receivers to coordinate their wake-up schedules based on energy availability dynamically, enabling sustained operation and collision-free communication.Publicationtype: Conference Paper37 22 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , High-level simulation of the timely behavior of intermittent systemsBatteryless sensors accelerate the Internet of Things by making wireless sensor applications sustainable. However, their inherent and frequent power failures render batteryless devices less dependable than their battery-driven equivalents. To regain dependability for intermittent systems, energy-aware scheduling strategies are required. Evaluating and comparing such algorithms only on hardware can be tedious and time consuming. Furthermore, environmental impacts and hardware variation affect repeatability and reproducibility. Therefore, we present a high-level modeling approach based on energy flows that allows the simulation of the timely behavior of intermittent systems. In specific, we model a solar-powered batteryless sensor node and use a recorded out-door solar trace as harvest input. To show the usefulness of the approach, we compare the two different operating strategies soft-Intermittent Computing and hard-Intermittent Computing. To validate the model a harvesting power estimation algorithm is implemented on the hardware and compared with the simulation. The results show that the simulation reproduces the intermittent behavior in an appropriate way. Moreover, we find that soft-IC can be a suitable substitute for hard-IC with the benefit of simplified timekeeping during times of power failure.Publicationtype: Conference Paper36