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    Item type:Publication, Access status: with files ,
    Moderated mediation analysis using SmartPLS: a tutorial for business researchers
    (Sarawak Research Society, 2026-01-01)
    Memon, Mumtaz Ali
    ;
    Thurasamy, Ramayah
    ;
    Cheah, Jun-Hwa
    ;
    Ting, Hiram
    ;
    Kreienbaum, Charlotte
    In regression models and structural equation modeling applications in business and management studies, conditional process analyses such as moderated mediation have become widely used methods in business research. They allow scholars to examine not only the mechanisms through which effects occur but also the conditions under which these mechanisms vary. Despite their increasing popularity, many researchers continue to struggle with the appropriate specification, estimation, and reporting of moderated mediation models. This editorial provides a step-by-step tutorial on conducting moderated mediation analysis using SmartPLS. We explain the conceptual logic underlying each model type and demonstrate how to specify and estimate them. We also clarify how conditional indirect effects should be examined and interpreted. In addition, we propose practical reporting guidelines covering model specification, measurement model evaluation, structural model assessment, and the interpretation of conditional indirect effects. This tutorial serves as a practical resource for business researchers seeking to conduct and report moderated mediation and conditional process analyses within linear regression and structural equation modeling frameworks.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
    Estimating Moderating Effects in PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM: Interaction Term Generation*Data Treatment
    (2018)
    Becker, Jan-Michael
    ;
    Ringle, Christian M.
    ;
    Sarstedt, Marko
    When estimating moderating effects in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), researchers can choose from a variety of approaches to model the influence of a moderator on a relationship between two constructs by generating different interaction terms. While prior research has evaluated the efficacy of these approaches in the context of PLS-SEM, the impact of different data treatment options on their performance in the context of standard PLS-SEM and consistent PLS-SEM (PLSc-SEM) is as yet unexplored. Our simulation study addresses these limitations and explores if the choice of approach and data treatment option has a pronounced impact on the methods’ parameter recovery. An empirical application substantiates these findings. Based on our results, we offer recommendations for researchers wishing to estimate moderating effects by means of PLS-SEM and PLSc-SEM.
    Publicationtype: Journal Article
      271