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    Efficient integration of high shares of renewable energies in technically and economically integrated energy systems
    Renewable energies are the key to a sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply. However, the volatility and supply dependency of generation requires new technical and economic concepts for far-reaching integration. Sector coupling is becoming increasingly important in this context, as interconnected energy sectors open up a large field of possible energy supply paths, within which the efficiency of the overall system is increased by utilizing the inherent storage capacity of the individual sectors. The EffiziEntEE project is about developing a modern market design that optimally exploits the flexibility of the integrated energy system. Project partners are various institutes of the Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) and the Technische Universität Dresden. The object is to develop a multi-layer optimization for operation. In the higher layer, the schedule for the following day is first calculated using a market model, which includes a simplified steady-state network model for the electrical transmission network. This already includes congestion management measures based on load flow calculations taking into account actor behavior, power-to-X technologies and the flexibility of representative distribution grid models. In the second layer of the model, dynamic simulations are used to consider stability and resilience, which represent restrictions for the market in the first layer. After market clearing, schedules and uncertainties are evaluated according to resilience and sustainability criteria using simulative studies. Within the market constraints, further optimization can thus be performed to further improve the target values for plants. The overall goal is a toolchain developed jointly with all project partners, which is freely available afterwards. In the EffiziEntEE project, the TUHH primarily deals with the second layer for modeling and simulation of sector-coupled, or multi-modal energy networks. The central tool is the open description and modeling language Modelica with the TransiEnt Library developed in it. In this context, many research fields arise. In case of interest - for example for project work and theses - the mentioned staff members are available.
      199  28
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    Integrated network planning for the electricity, gas and heat sectors
    In this sub-project "iNeP - Integrated Network Planning" of the joint project "NRL - North German Real Laboratory", a planning methodology, a planning model and a corresponding planning tool are being developed, which consider the networks of the three energy carriers electricity, gas and heat of the industrial metropolis of Hamburg in an integrated manner with regard to favorable interconnection points and technologies as well as expansion recommendations for the network structures and storage facilities. For this purpose, real final energy demands and forecasts as well as data on already existing network infrastructures will first be collected. A methodology will be developed to compare different grid expansion alternatives. The basis for operational planning is a newly developed aggregated model for integrated network planning, taking into account the physical constraints of the various energy sources. As a result of the methodology and model application, recommendations for coordinated grid expansion will be derived. For this purpose, a computer-aided procedure including the testing of artificial intelligence methods will be developed.
      277  77
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    Intelligent Thermal Networks - Neue Kühltechnologien und energieoptimierte Betriebskonzepte
    Gegenwärtige Studien zu (hybrid-) elektrischem Fliegen sind sehr auf die elektrischen Komponenten und den Antriebsstrang fokussiert und berücksichtigen den Aspekt der thermischen Lasten, die viel höher sind als bei konventionellen Flugzeugarchitekturen, nur unzureichend. Konventionelle Kühlsystem-Lösungen sind für die neuen Umgebungen nicht geeignet, weil sie eine große Auswirkung auf die Gesamtflugzeug-Leistung haben, zum Beispiel zusätzliches Gewicht und aerodynamische Verluste durch große Staulufteinlässe. Daher benötigen neue Flugzeug-Architekturen innovative, integrierte Lösungen zum thermischen Management, die ein elektrisches Fliegen überhaupt erst effizient ermöglichen. Ziele des Verbundvorhabens sind die Entwicklung innovativer Kühlsysteme und neuer Architekturen und deren intelligente Integration in den Gesamtentwurf einer (hybrid-)elektrischen Flugzeugarchitektur. Dieses schließt die Steuerung und Regelung mit ein, die eine Optimierung des Gesamtsystems erlauben.
      190  26
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    Investigation of refrigerant distribution in parallel evaporation pipes
    Different concepts are available for the cooling of temperature-sensitive components. In comparison to air or liquid cooling, direct-evaporation of a refrigerant has the following advantages: - Highly efficient heat transfer during boiling of the refrigerant, - thus more compact designs of heat exchangers, - large cooling capacities, - uniform temperature distribution by constant evaporation temperature. In the case of the parallel connection of evaporator tubes, however, a maldistribution of the refrigerant can occur. The target of the project is the examination of this mechanism for different refrigerants.
      79
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    Model-based development and optimization of standards for flow measurement of gases at high operating pressure
    The high-pressure piston prover is at the top of the calibration chain for flow measuring devices in the gas transport networks of Germany and Europe. It is implemented in pigsar™, a calibration facility for gas flow measuring devices, which is operated as a grid-connected test bench. Due to econonical and technical reasons, pigsar™ will be extended by a new, significantly larger test stand part, which will be designed as a closed-loop system. The Physikalisch-Technische-Bundesanstalt (PTB) is therefore building a new primary standard, which significantly larger and new, untested technology, the so-called Flow Comparator. Due to the new concept and the closed-loop system, the dynamic behaviour and interactions of the two systems have to be determined.
      80
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    Resilience of integrated energy networks with a high share of renewable energies
    The Project ResiliEntEE The aim of this joint project of scientists from the fields of energy and electrical engineering is to reliably determine the resilience of future energy supply systems and to find possibilities to increase it. To achieve this goal the models which were developed in the research project TransiEnt.EE to describe optimized integrated energy systems according to environmental and economic aspects, will be refined and their resilience will be evaluated. Resilience is to be understood as the ability of a system to sustain its functions even at the occurence of local disruptions. Therefore following tasks will be realized in the project: 1. expanding the models by spatially resolved, stationary and dynamic computations within the electric supply grids 2. gradually expanding the considered area from Hamburg to Northern Germany 3. developing and modelling different automation concepts 4. developing suitable critical scenarios and test cases. As far as possible the software will be written using the equation-based and object-oriented programming language Modelica. After the completion of the project these model will be publicly available.
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    Model-based control of complex building systems for the optimization of energy efficiency and comfort (OPTIMOR)
    Approximately 40% of the global final energy consumption is used for air conditioning and heating of buildings. The building sector is thereby responsible for nearly 40 % of direct and indirect CO2 emissions. The increase in energy efficiency and reduction of energy consumption of buildings is therefore an important challenge in respect of the climate protection goals. Inefficient or inadequate control of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can significantly increase the energy consumption, especially of modern and highly insulated buildings.
      156
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    EnOB: Dyn-GSGK: Using dynamic geothermal systems for sustainable desiccant assisted air conditioning
    Object of the research project is the development of an air conditioning system for basic and peak loads based on renewable energies. Therefore, at the Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics the combination of an open cycle desiccant-assisted air conditioning system and a geothermal system is investigated. A key aspect is a reduced cooling demand and lower peak loads due to the decoupling of sensible cooling and dehumidification within the air conditioning process. Additionally, cooling power can be increased by using a dynamically controllable borehole heat exchanger (BHX) for the first time. The single components as well as the interaction of the components as a system are investigated. In case of uncomfortable room air conditions despite the additional cooling power, a backup system including phase change material to locally enhance comfort perception is analyzed.
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