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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , An ARINC 664 P5- and ARINC 853-compliant platform enabling suppliers to develop digital aircraft cabin solutions(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., 2026-10-19); ; This paper presents a modular, ARINC 664 P5- and ARINC 853-compliant platform implemented via unified cabin hubs to facilitate the development of interoperable digital aircraft cabin solutions. To overcome the challenges of proprietary interfaces and system heterogeneity, the platform leverages the Cabin Secure Media-Independent Messaging (CSMIM) protocol, employing a data-driven publisher-subscriber architecture to enable secure and scalable communication in non-safety-critical aircraft cabin applications. Through the use of standardized data models and serialization, the platform integrates diverse supplier components, such as lighting, sensors, and galley equipment. Adopting a "Platform for X" approach, these hubs serve as versatile CSMIM network nodes capable of assuming various predefined functional roles via software reconfiguration. To support this agility, the platform leverages the Yocto Project build system to optimize lifecycle management and certification efforts while maintaining strict ARINC 853 compliance. The platform supports deployment within the Airline Information and Services Domain (AISD) and Passenger Information and Entertainment Services Domain (PIESD), utilizing a unidirectional interface from the Aircraft Control Domain (ACD) to enable extended In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) functions as motivated by ARINC 664 P5 Appendix H. Experimental validation involving physical hardware verification and GNS3 network emulation confirmed that Node identity is a configurable software property rather than a hardware constraint. The results demonstrate that secure, controlled cross-domain communication can be achieved via RabbitMQ federation without compromising the domain segregation required by ARINC 664 P5.Publicationtype: Conference Paper22 4 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Combining system and process modeling to achieve better efficiency in cateringIn aviation, improving onboard efficiency, particularly reducing mass, volume, and power consumption, is crucial for reducing environmentally harmful emissions and lowering operating costs. System modeling forms an engineering basis to describe the technical characteristics of individual systems and their architecture, e.g. the aircraft galley, including their components, interfaces, dependencies and functional relationships. However, while this structural view is vital, it does not reflect how a system is actually used in operational processes. As a result, important opportunities for more efficient operation and use, e.g., in the catering process value chain, often remain undiscovered. Therefore, this work combines system structural modeling with process behavioral modeling using the example of an aircraft galley. The galley system and the flight catering process are both described using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML), a modeling language standardized by the Object Management Group (OMG). The catering process is represented as a sequence of process steps involving the use of catering supplies, galley inserts (GAINs) for meal and beverage preparation, serving trolleys, working environment, energy requirements and human actors such as cabin crew. The process model enables formalization, analysis and comparison of different operating variants for business goal achievements and revenues increase. Each input and output of a process step can be parameterized with assumptions or expected values, allowing simulation and evaluation of process changes across multiple variants. By interaction between the process model with the system model, the approach demonstrates how operational behavior influences resource utilization and overall efficiency. This combined system and process perspective reveals opportunities for improvement that remain hidden in a pure structural description, which describes only the systems architecture, but not its behavior and use. Thus, combining system and process modeling supports more improved galley design and more efficient catering processes.Publicationtype: Conference Paper22 5 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Intelligenter und smarter Kabinenbetrieb - i_sCabin2; Teilvorhaben: Model-based Systems Engineering für eine cyber-sicher zertifizierbare, intelligente und smarte KabineThe subproject titled "Model-Based Systems Engineering for a cyber-secure, certifiable, intelligent, and smart cabin" within the i_sCabin2 research project focused on the development and testing of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methods for cyber-secure and intelligent aircraft cabins. The goal was to create a holistic data ecosystem that enables connectivity and communication between aircraft cabin and ground systems – such as the IT systems of airlines or maintenance organizations- and facilitates the implementation of data-driven services for passengers, cabin crew, and the airline. As part of the project, a comprehensive MBSE framework was developed for this purpose, integrating aspects of information and cybersecurity as well as aspects of the underlying communication in accordance with current aviation standards (DO-326/ED-202-Set, ARINC853), and mapping operational and business processes. In this context, MBSE methods for configuration as well as technologies for wireless communication using CSMIM (Cabin Secure Media Independent Messaging, ARINC853) within the aircraft cabin and between the aircraft and the ground were also investigated. For the technical implementation of data-driven services on board the aircraft, a standardizable software application platform based on the Open Container Initiative (OCI) was specified and tested. The results contribute to the passenger-friendly, secure, and efficient digitalization of the aircraft cabin and provide a foundation for standardization and industrial implementation. Close collaboration with industry partners and associated partners ensured practical relevance and promotes the future adoption of these solutions in the aviation sector.Publicationtype: Project Deliverable42 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Applications and architecture for UWB localization in aircraft cabins and aviation(2025-09); ; ; Obtaining data from real-time location systems (RTLS) is critical in aviation for enhancing operational workflows, reliability, and passenger services. For example, applications such as wheelchair tracking, baggage management, seat-specific service delivery, and equipment monitoring require accurate and continuous positioning information within both aircraft cabins and airport terminals. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, characterized by high accuracy for indoor localization, low latency and robustness against interference, can be employed to address these needs. This paper presents a platform architecture utilizing UWB localization that can be integrated into the cabin and can be certified in accordance with aviation regulations to support various applications on ground and in-flight. The architecture comprises modular edge cloud systems deployed across aircraft and ground environment, interconnected to enable efficient data exchange and hosting of location-based services. The onboard system integrates the ARINC 853 Cabin Secure Media-Independent Messaging (CSMIM) standard to ensure secure and standardized communication of localization data across the cabin network. The overall UWB RTLS is based on Kubernetes edge cloud platforms enabling the deployment and management of various location-based applications. Secure communication between aircraft and ground edge clouds is maintained through a virtual private network (VPN). Exemplary use cases include wheelchair tracking across airport and cabin environment and passenger-tailored onboard services such as meal ordering and serving tied to seat localization. The presented system and architecture support improvements in process efficiency and the delivery of personalized services, contributing to a unified, data-driven and smart aviation ecosystem.Publicationtype: Conference Paper62 46 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Prediction of on-board consumption: generating synthetic data for machine learning to optimize catering weight(2025-09); ; There is a great potential for reducing CO2 emissions resulting from passenger aircraft cabin. In addition to further lowering the power consumption and reducing the mass of large monuments and seats, it is above all the amount of catering that can improve the CO2 balance. The environmental impact of overloading, as well as the disposal and incineration of catering waste makes it necessary to organize the catering process more effectively. In our today’s digital world, there is still no information about the quantities consumed and the subsequent disposal of catering on board airplanes. Real world catering on the consumption are practically non-existent and represent a major challenge for the development of machine learning (ML) -based predictive models for the actual amount of meals and beverages required. This research paper focuses on overcoming the challenges posed by unavailability of in-flight catering data and enabling on-board consumption prediction. To this end, synthetic datasets were generated based on information such as statistics on consumer age, food choices, nationality, flight details, and other catering-relevant parameters. To generate the datasets closer to realism, two regions have been chosen to differentiate passenger meals and beverage preferences: A flight from Europe to east (India) and a flight to the west (USA). Utilizing the synthetic datasets, ML models were developed to predict in-flight consumption per flight, facilitating optimized catering orders and minimizing aircraft catering overload and waste, thereby reducing CO2 emissions per flight and contributing positively to environmental sustainability. The models are trained and validated using historical synthetic data from various flights journeys to ensure reliability and robustness. Based on the generated synthetic datasets, this study shows that a good prediction of catering demand that avoids overstocking of meals and beverages can be achieved. It is expected, that future access to authentic catering data on a larger scale can be used for improving and validating the synthetic data generation concept and will enhance the authenticity of synthetic datasets, resulting in precise predictions.Publicationtype: Conference Paper56 23 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , SysML4Sec – methodology for security modeling in the context of large‐scale product development with multiple design levels(Wiley, 2025-07); ; ; Increasing functionalities and the rising complexity of aircraft systems used by flight and cabin crews, passengers, maintenance staff, and other stakeholders necessitate a reconsideration of system development methodologies. This paper presents SysML4Sec, a model‐based security engineering method that integrates the systems engineering process (SEP) with the security engineering process (SecEP). Both processes operate concurrently and interactively within the same system model across all development levels. We detail SysML4Sec for model‐based security engineering using a consistent SysML approach and demonstrate SEP‐SecEP interactions in developing a passenger seat connectivity function with the SysML4Sec supporting ‘CATIA Magic Systems of Systems Architect’ tool. The ‘Magic Systems of Systems Architect’ tool provides a single source of truth where a system and security engineers could collaborate to design the system architecture and the associated preliminary security assessments as per the DO 326A aviation standard. It enables to define Assets to be protected, the Threat Conditions (TC), the Threat Scenarios (TS) and Security Measures (SM) which are specified in terms of effectiveness to reduce the risk.Publicationtype: Conference Paper57 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , MBSE framework for developing data-driven passenger services in aircraft cabinsThe aircraft cabin plays a crucial role in airline differentiation strategies, particularly when introducing novel, data-driven services. These services aim to enhance the passenger experience during the flight and to improve cabin crew efficiency in order to reduce workload and ensure continued growth of airline revenue. Digitalization and extensive exchange of information across the entire aircraft transport system have emerged as key enablers for these services. The development of aircraft and aircraft systems that realize these services is characterized by a multi-level development process. Various development levels are considered to initially identify the functions of an aircraft in the air transport system, refine its systems and break them down into their components until a level of detail is reached that allows the implementation of the component functions. In addition to the high complexity, a major challenge in this development is to ensure traceability and consistency across the various development levels. Consequently, Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is increasingly applied in aviation to address these challenges. While numerous MBSE frameworks and methodologies exist, they often overlook the specific requirements of aviation's multi-level development process. Hence, this paper introduces an MBSE framework tailored to the development of novel, data-driven passenger services, along with the corresponding aircraft systems, across multiple development levels. The framework ensures seamless model-based information flow across all levels by providing a development workflow, which encompasses various viewpoints at each development stage and incorporates aviation-specific regulatory and operational considerations. Additionally, given the digitalized nature of these services and the resulting interconnected systems, relevant cybersecurity information is captured within certain viewpoints at each development level, thereby ensuring the development of secure systems.Publicationtype: Conference Paper59 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Assignment criteria for function allocation to commercial aviation system security domainsAircraft cabin management is characterized by operational and business processes. Both are defined as a logical sequence of activities that occur during the flight. While the operational process includes activities to ensure flight safety, such as take-off, cruise and landing, the business process activities are related to adding value to the customer, i.e. the passenger. They are to be certified by the authority as a part of the aircraft type certification. These processes are defined by the airline and are described as part of the airline's business model. While the scope of operational processes for passenger safety within the aircraft cabin should remain as unchanged as possible, the increasing competitive pressure on airlines is leading to a constantly rising number of services in the cabin. To prevent compromising cabin safety from increased cabin crew workload during the cruise phase, there is a growing trend toward digitizing operational and business processes. The digitized operational and business processes are leading the aircraft cabin systems to access information from different domains. The emerging need for digitalization, along with essential networking capabilities, has led to the development of an aircraft security domain model that groups functionalities based on system security considerations. For this domain model, partitioning, isolation, controlled communication, and security policies are specified. However, it lacks guidance on function allocation to specific domains. This paper addresses this gap by proposing assignment criteria for the allocation of functions to aircraft security domains, making the security domain standards easier to apply in daily aviation system development.Publicationtype: Conference Paper28 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Interconnected and data-driven aircraft cabin systems: consistent integration of ARINC 853 messaging standard into model-based aircraft systems development<jats:p><div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Increasing digitalization of the aircraft cabin, driven by the need for improved operational efficiency and an enhanced passenger experience, has led to the development of data-driven services. In order to implement these services, information from different systems is often required, which leads to a multi-system architecture. When designing a network that interconnects these systems, it is important to consider the heterogeneous device and supplier landscape as well as variations in the network architecture resulting from airline customization or cabin upgrades. The novel ARINC 853 Cabin Secure Media-Independent Messaging (CSMIM) standard addresses this challenge by specifying a communication protocol that relies on a data model to encode provided and consumed information. This paper presents an approach to integrate CSMIM-specific communication concepts into a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This enables a streamlined model-based method to design and implement aircraft cabin systems interconnected through a CSMIM-based communication network as well as to create airline-customized configurations. Based on the Cabin Data and Communication Modeling Language (CDACML), a SysML mean to link system interfaces with the CSMIM data model across multiple development levels is proposed. Multiple development levels as part of the left side of the widely-accepted V-model are supported to enable a model-based handover into the system level, for example, reducing the risk for interface inconsistencies. The link to the CSMIM data model is designed such that it can be used to extract system interface definitions for implementation activities through Model-to-Text (M2T) transformations. To show the validity of the approach, a smart aircraft seat occupancy detection use case is designed using the proposed approach as part of the activities of the left side of the V-model including the development of a prototype CSMIM communication module. The communication module is then deployed on networked hardware that is configured through a M2T transformation and which is technically realizing this use case.</div></div></jats:p>Publicationtype: Conference Paper80 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Airworthiness Security Methods: Modeling and Highlighting Attack Paths in System and Software Architectures for Threat Scenario-Driven Security AnalysisThe digitalization and increased connectivity of aircraft systems not only offer opportunities, such as optimizing business and operational processes as well as the introduction of novel services for passengers, but also pose new security-related risks to the system. As part of the security risks analysis which became mandatory for airworthiness security since the publication of the new certification specification CS-25.1319, threat scenarios and attack paths are defined to enable a more structured identification and assessment of security risks. In order to identify potential attack paths, it is necessary to examine the architectures that were created during the development of the system or the software. These architectures establish the prescribed pathways that an attacker is able to take due to the connection of the architectural elements. However, none of the available approaches for modeling attack paths link the attack paths to the architecture model. In this paper a novel approach for modeling attack paths and linking attack paths to the architecture model is presented. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML)-based approach extends the Risk Analysis and Assessment Modeling Language (RAAML) and introduces elements for modeling attack paths made of various attack actions and vulnerabilities as well as the asset under consideration. Furthermore, relationships are defined to link these attack path elements to the architecture and path segments encompassing the architectural elements. Moreover, the linkage between attack paths and the architectural elements is used to highlight the attack paths in the architectures by using tool-specific capabilities of Cameo Systems Modeler. The approach is exemplarily illustrated taking the example of a seat controller that is connected to the In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) system enabling the adjustment of the seat.Publicationtype: Conference Paper53