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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Structured reflection to support design method validation and adaptation in product architecture design – a case study(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2026-10-26); ; ; ; Design methods should support engineers in efficiently developing technical systems but are often considered difficult to understand and apply. Conventional method validation focuses on performance outcomes, providing little insight into how users experience methods during application or adaptation. Structured reflection has been discussed to uncover misunderstandings and identify improvements, but its systematic application in method development remains underexplored. This article investigates how reflection can support design method adaptation in early validation. A multiple-workshop case study was conducted with 20 participants applying four methods under comparable conditions during the Product Architecture Design Summer School. Reflection was systematically planned, guided and analyzed through coded audios. The dataset includes four planning documents, 20 Canvas documents, 400 minutes of recordings and questionnaire feedback on reflection tools. Results show recurring reflection patterns: reflection is strongly process-oriented; action planning emerges only after descriptive phases ; social aspects are rarely addressed without explicit prompts. While reflection tools were perceived as useful, guiding questions require simplification for intuitive use. A four-stage framework for Reflection-Driven Method adaptation is proposed, supporting researchers in planning, executing and analyzing reflection as a method validation instrument. The study demonstrates how reflection can produce actionable improvements and offers a reproducible approach for early method validation in engineering design.Publicationtype: Journal Article5 15 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Modeling modular system architectures with SysML v2: towards configuration-ready system models(The Design Society, 2026-10); ; ; ; Modular system architectures support reuse and variant formation, but do not automatically provide the information required for computational configuration. This paper defines configuration readiness as the explicit, consistent, and machine-accessible representation of configuration-relevant information. Six requirements are synthesized from the literature and mapped to a four-level SysML v2 approach separating domain foundations, modular architecture, technical variants, and project-specific configurations and individuals. A sensor-integrating bolt illustrates the approach through manual inspection of selection and extension scenarios. The example provides a conceptual feasibility assessment.Publicationtype: Conference Paper7 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Analysis and evaluation of variety management in software defined architecturesThe shift toward Software Defined Vehicles (SDV) is fundamentally changing vehicle development. Functions are increasingly implemented in software, updated over the air, and extended independently of hardware. Variant management is a key success factor to handle the resulting variety in development, production and operation. With the transition to SDV however, established variant management methods, traditionally oriented toward hardware-centric product architectures, are challenged by requirements arising from software-defined architectures. While recent research addresses the impact of the architectural shift in various areas of product development, there is limited research on the architectural characteristics resulting in new requirements for variant management in SDV in theory and practice. In this paper a systematic literature review on the characteristics of SDV is conducted to define evaluation criteria for the applicability of variant management methods in software-defined architectures.Publicationtype: Conference Paper2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Design for X-ray: design strategies for radiographically unobtrusive FFF functional components(2026-10); ; ; Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) components are frequently used in physical medical training models to position, support, or integrate anatomical structures. In X-ray-based training environments, these parts must fulfill their mechanical functions while minimizing unwanted visibility in fluoroscopy. This contribution investigates how infill structure, external geometry, and projection direction influence the radiographic appearance of FFF components. Experimental X-ray imaging of test specimens is combined with G-Code-based virtual X-ray simulation to derive initial design principles. The approach is applied to a representative vascular support in the neurointerventional simulator HANNES, demonstrating how radiological unobtrusiveness can be addressed as an explicit design objective.Publicationtype: Conference Paper6 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Modeling the influence of grip and push force variations on the mechanical impedance and vibration power absorption of the hand-arm system(Elsevier, 2026-09-24); ; ; ; Understanding the vibration behavior of the hand-arm system (HAS) is essential for product development and occupational health. Although push and grip forces strongly influence HAS vibrations, the appropriate approach for modeling force-dependent mechanical impedance (MI) and vibration power absorption (VPA) remains unclear. This study systematically examines MI and VPA along the zh-axis for translational excitation in five subjects using 1,500 measurements across a 10 × 10 grid of push and grip force combinations, covering push forces of 10–110 N and grip forces of 10–135 N. Unlike previous studies with only few discrete force combinations, this high-resolution force grid not only enables a detailed characterization of force-dependent behavior, but also, for the first time, the systematic evaluation of interpolation-based prediction across the force domain. The results show that grip force dominates MI in the 30–70 Hz and 160–500 Hz ranges, while push force has the greatest influence between 50 Hz and 110 Hz. Higher forces generally increase VPA, but reduce it in the low-frequency range of 10–30 Hz. Compared with ISO 10068:2012, measured MI values deviate from the standardized range, especially at higher grip and push forces, reaching up to four times higher values and thereby also affecting VPA as a derived quantity. Linear interpolation using only three discrete force levels predicts MI and VPA at intermediate force levels with at least 95 % mean accuracy based on MAPE. These findings show that force-dependent HAS responses can be represented with substantially reduced experimental effort, providing a basis for physical and simulation-based models with continuously variable coupling forces.Publicationtype: Journal Article28 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , A model-based approach for variety-oriented interface design in modular product familiesThis paper addresses the challenge of managing internal variety in modular product families by explicitly considering interfaces as a central design variable. While existing product development and modularization approaches primarily focus on components, functions, or their interactions, the variety of interfaces is often neglected, despite its significant contribution to internal complexity without increasing customer value. To overcome this limitation, the paper proposes a structured and methodical approach for variety-oriented interface design that integrates interface variety into the product development process. The approach comprises three main steps: the definition of objectives and systematic capture of the current state, the identification and analysis of relevant interfaces based on defined evaluation criteria, and the targeted design of variant-oriented interfaces. Furthermore, a model-based representation is introduced to enable consistent documentation, visualization, and evaluation of interfaces and their interdependencies. This supports transparency in decision-making and facilitates the comparison of alternative interface designs.Publicationtype: Conference Paper6 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Interface standardization and cost of complexity assessment: enhancements to the impact model of modular product familiesThis contribution proposes two complementary extensions to the established Impact Model of Modular Product Families to improve the economic assessment of modular architectures. The first extension addresses the model’s input parameters by explicitly incorporating interface standardization and directly linking modularity characteristics to life‑cycle‑specific economic target values. This enhances the traceability between development decisions and their economic effects. The second extension expands the set of economic target values by introducing variety‑induced Cost of Complexity as a dedicated dimension, integrating time‑ and cost‑related impact chains into a consolidated cost perspective. To support systematic identification and prioritization of relevant cost effects, a Cost Impact Matrix is introduced, mapping causal impact chains to generic, company‑independent cost categories. Together, these extensions strengthen the analytical power of the Impact Model and provide a more transparent basis for early‑stage evaluation and decision‑making in modular product family development.Publicationtype: Conference Paper5 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Reducing catheter advancement forces in PolyJet printed small vascular models for neurointerventional training through surface coatings(Frontiers Media S.A., 2026-08-28); ; ; ; Wagner, MaximilianIntroduction The fabrication of realistic additively manufactured small vascular models for neurointerventional training remains challenging, as current manufacturing technologies often require a compromise between geometric accuracy and realistic catheter handling. Although several additive manufacturing technologies have been investigated, many fail to reliably reproduce patent lumina in vessels smaller than 2 mm. PolyJet printing enables the fabrication of highly accurate vascular geometries with open lumina; however, it produces comparatively rough inner surfaces, resulting in increased friction and unrealistic catheter handling, thereby limiting the tribological realism of the models. Methods This study investigated whether surface coatings can improve the tribological performance of PolyJet vascular models while preserving their geometric accuracy. In this exploratory study, eight coating systems were evaluated using surface roughness measurements, cyclic catheter force measurements, short-term stability testing, micro-computed tomography, and clinical validation by experienced interventional neuroradiologists. Results Several coatings reduced surface roughness and catheter advancement forces compared with uncoated models. However, reduced roughness alone did not fully explain handling performance. Micro-computed tomography revealed substantial differences in coating homogeneity and lumen preservation, whereas force-path analyses demonstrated that homogeneous coatings produced smoother and more uniform force profiles. These objective findings were largely confirmed by the physicians’ subjective assessments. Among the investigated systems, Teflon spray provided the best overall balance between friction reduction, coating homogeneity, ease of application, and clinical acceptance, whereas Aquasure achieved the lowest catheter advancement forces but required a substantially more complex coating procedure. Discussion The results demonstrate that targeted surface modification can overcome one of the major limitations of PolyJet printed small vascular models by improving tribological realism while preserving their geometric accuracy.Publicationtype: Journal Article8 4 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Modularisierung als Basis für die KreislaufwirtschaftDie Transformation hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft gilt als zentrale Voraussetzung, um Ressourcenverbrauch, Abhängigkeiten von Primärrohstoffen sowie Umweltwirkungen zu reduzieren. Trotz zahlreicher Maßnahmen bleibt die tatsächliche Zirkularität in vielen Branchen gering und beschränkt sich meist auf Recycling. Strategien mit höherem Werterhalt, wie Wiederverwendung oder Remanufacturing, sind selten. Der Beitragzeigtauf, wie Produkte mittels Modularisierung gestaltet werden können, um eine Nutzung von Modulen über Lebenszyklen hinweg zu unterstützen. Besonders die Modulebene bietet dabei Vorteile für die Wiederverwendung im Second-Life, da sie einen Kompromiss zwischen technischer Machbarkeit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umsetzbarkei tbildet. Modularisierungsmethoden, wie die am Institu tentwickelte Lebensphasen-Modularisierung, werden diskutiert, ergänzt um Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte wie Reparierbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit. Insgesamt zeigt der Beitrag, dass Modularisierung einen anspruchsvollen, aber wesentlichen Hebel für zirkuläre Wertschöpfung darstellen kann.Publicationtype: Book Part13 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Towards an impact model of modular product strategiesThe choice of modular product structure strategies has far-reaching implications for development, production, and other aspects of the product life cycle. So far there is only limited methodological support for the decision process. This contribution proposes a conceptual impact model that illustrates the relationships between modular product strategies, induced effects, and resulting economic targets. The proposed impact model supports the decision making process in the early product development stage and serves as a basis for further methodological development.Publicationtype: Conference Paper25 9