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    Establishing a new platform for H2-driven asymmetric catalysis by design of a fusion-enzyme
    Das Ziel dieses Forschungsprojekts ist die Schaffung einer neuen Plattform für die H2-betriebene asymmetrische Katalyse, die bei der Synthese von Feinchemikalien eingesetzt werden kann. Um dies zu erreichen, wird ein bisher einzigartiges Fusionsprotein zwischen der löslichen [NiFe]-Hydrogenase (SH) aus Cupriavidus necator und der Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE)-En-Reduktase aus Thermus scotoductus entwickelt. In früheren Studien zeigte das OYE-Enzym einen Enantiomerenüberschuss ee > 99 % für die asymmetrische Reduktion von 2-Methylmaleimid zu (R)-2-Methylsuccinimid, das als Vorläufer für antimikrobielle Substanzen dienen könnte. Das konstruierte Fusionsenzym wird eine Biokatalyse mit hoher Atomeffizienz unter Verwendung von H2 ermöglichen, um sowohl Elektronen als auch Protonen für die asymmetrische Reduktion zu liefern. Die Untersuchung des Elektronentransfers im Fusionsprotein ist ein Hauptziel dieses Forschungsprojekts. Daher werden verschiedene Protein-Linker mit variablen Eigenschaften eingesetzt, um die Fähigkeit eines direkten Elektronentransfers zu testen. Letzteres würde die Notwendigkeit einer teuren Cofaktor-Regeneration bei Biotransformationen umgehen. Im Vergleich zum direkten Elektronentransfer werden natürliche und künstliche Elektronenträger untersucht. Die Charakterisierung kinetischer und thermodynamischer Parameter sowie die Optimierung der Betriebsbedingungen werden teilweise mithilfe einer automatisierten Reaktionsplattform durchgeführt. Die Inline-Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektroskopie (FTIR) ermöglicht eine quantitative Substrat-Produkt-Analyse ohne Probenahme, und die chirale Gaschromatographie (GC) validiert die Stereochemie. Auf der Grundlage der Inline-Analytik wird eine automatisierte Reaktionsplattform entwickelt, die in ein umfassendes Forschungsdatenmanagementsystem (RDM) integriert ist und Datenaustauschstandards wie EnzymeML und Beiträge zu Datenbanken wie BRENDA umfasst, um die Einhaltung der FAIR-Prinzipien zu gewährleisten.
      23
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    Transferprojekt: Einsatz generativ gefertigter Strukturbauteile in der Hauptspindel einer Werkzeugmaschine
    The modern machine tool is constantly striving for maximum productivity with simultaneously increasing demands on the achievable working accuracy. These contradictory requirements are significantly influenced by the dynamic machine behaviour, whereby increasing the system damping in particular is effective for reducing undesired process vibrations. In this context, externally applied vibration damping systems are used, for example, whose integration is cost-intensive on the one hand and requires a corresponding amount of available installation space on the other. For this reason, a direct functional integration of damping structures into the vibration-loaded structural components is sought. The main spindle as a central component in the force flax of a machine tool is particularly suitable for the integration of damping elements. As part of the proposed research project, the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) of RWTH Aachen University and the Institute for Industrialization of Smart Materials (ISM), together with the spindle manufacturer WEISS Spindeltechnologie GmbH, aim to develop a damping-optimized spindle nose that forms the transition between the tool interface and the spindle shaft. By using the additive manufacturing process selective laser melting (SLM), flexible structures can be created, whereby non-melted material can act as particle dampers or squeeze film dampers can be placed within created cavities. The cavities required for this are designed using FE-based topology optimisation methods. The approach aims at the effective damping of high-frequency spindle vibrations, which are often the cause of process instabilities in machining, especially in the high-speed range.
      17
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    Transferprojekt: Wear behavior of coatings for machining of TiAl6V4
    Due to increasing scarcity of raw materials, the demand for near-net-shape finishing milling processes for additive manufactured components made of TiAl6V4 is growing. In order to achieve high economic efficiency, the focus is on increased cutting speed, which leads to high tool loads. An improvement in cutting performance can be obtained by the use of triboactive CrAlMoN hybrid coatings. Here, direct current magnetron sputtering is combined with high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (dcMS/HPPMS). Within the preceding project (project number 422345568), the oxidation and diffusion behavior as well as the application behavior of CrAlVN and CrAlMoN physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings on carbide were investigated during the turning of the difficult-to-machine titanium alloy TiAl6V4. The formation of friction-reducing oxide phases in the area of the cutting edge was verified despite the use of cooling lubricant. With the CrAlMoN coating, a considerable improvement in cutting performance can be obtained, which for the first time exceeded that of the uncoated substrates used as state of the art. In addition, it is known from preliminary work that the HPPMS power component has a beneficial effect on shape contour accuracy as well as contributing to a denser morphology, smoother surface and higher coating hardness. However, still unknown is the impact of increasing the HPPMS power ratio on tool performance in the machining of TiAl6V4. Additionally, the cutting temperature in finishing milling processes of TiAl6V4 as well as the damage mechanisms have not been investigated yet. Main aim of the proposed transfer project is the transfer of knowledge gained in the preceding project to industrial fields of application for cutting titanium alloys. These include the coating production and the performance of triboactive CrAlMoN coatings on carbide tools, which have already been used in the finish turning of TiAl6V4 under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, a transfer of previous turning tests to the industrial application conditions as well as an application transfer from turning to milling is planned in cooperation with Premium AEROTEC GmbH. Furthermore, a transfer of the deposition process of the CrAlMoN coating to a coating unit with increased HPPMS ratio, the analysis of the coating properties and the tool performance will be carried out with the CemeCon AG. In addition, the tools and machined components will be subjected to extensive analyses to determine damage mechanisms, diffusion and oxidation processes. Due to it, initial wear behavior and the temperature of the tool cutting edge is measured under laboratory conditions during milling using a novel temperature measurement setup. Together with Schwegler Werkzeugfabrik GmbH & Co. KG and Karl-Heinz-Arnold GmbH, suitable tool geometries and substrate compositions will be developed and tested.
      25
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