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Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Understanding unexpected failure scenarios from aircraft systems virtual test data(American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2026-09); Current goals for emission-free aviation require novel system concepts, such as fuel cell-driven propulsion. Yet, such concepts do not exist in current aircraft. With such low operational experience, the requirements for system design may not be fully understood. Consequently, there is a rising potential for “blind spots” in the design that emerge in integration testing or even later, leading to costly adaptations. These unexpected scenarios may be discovered early by intelligent exploration during virtual, simulation-based testing. However, there is still a gap between the physical-dynamic test data and the functional-logic requirements definition by engineers. Test results may contain many data measurements. For a human engineer, it is time-consuming and error-prone to process the amount of time series data, making it impractical in an industrial setting. To enable the engineering evaluation and derivation of missing requirements, a computer-aided abstraction step is needed. This work presents a framework to derive principal functional-logic scenarios from critical test data and to present them visually. Concretely, analysis agents extend the data with discrete system states, followed by feature-based clustering. Finally, single sequences are derived for each cluster. The results are visualized as functional-logic parallel lifeline charts. The approach is evaluated using a fuel cell-driven propulsion example.Publicationtype: Journal Article9 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Results of the H2Avia project: potential of hydrogen for global aviation(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026-06-12); ; ; ; Moser, LeonardThis paper presents an integrated assessment of liquid hydrogen as an aviation energy carrier, covering fuel production, aircraft performance, and fleet-level climate impacts. The results, based on the H2Avia research project, indicate substantial potential for reducing life-cycle global warming impacts compared to conventional kerosene. The analyses conducted for the interdisciplinary assessment are presented. The analysis shows that the use of liquid hydrogen eliminates CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during fuel burn, resulting in a significant reduction in global warming potential compared to conventional kerosene, despite remaining upstream emissions from production and transport. The aircraft application cases and the applied technologies assessment scenario are described. The modeled technologies essential for the hydrogen aircraft are discussed, and exemplary values are given. Integrated overall aircraft performance results are given and discussed. At the aircraft level, hydrogen-based aircraft require an 8–18% increase in design mission block energy compared to a 2040 kerosene baseline yet still achieve a reduction in effective global warming potential of 55–86% comparing a representative pair route between Europe and North America (6730 km). An overview of the fleet modeling approach and the applied scenarios is given. For a scenario with energy cost and climate impact as equally weighted minimization goals, the global fleet analysis yields a global warming potential reduction of 60% compared to the non-liquid hydrogen baseline scenario. Overall, the results suggest that liquid hydrogen-powered aircraft can deliver significant mission- and fleet-level reductions in global warming potential and thus represent a promising pathway for achieving long-term aviation climate targets.Publicationtype: Journal Article40 11 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Knowledge-based engineering methods for hydrogen tank and system integration in aircraft fuselage design(Springer, 2026-02-02); ; ; ; Integrating new technologies such as liquid hydrogen as an energy carrier is a key step toward climate-neutral and sustainable aviation. Current research mainly focuses on integrating cryogenic hydrogen tanks in the rear fuselage section. This paper presents an extended knowledge-based engineering (KBE) framework that enables the automated modelling and assessment of hydrogen tank integration concepts in preliminary aircraft design. The framework integrates several stages of the preliminary aircraft design process. Starting with openAD, a design synthesizer for determining the aircraft outer mold line and tank positions, followed by the Fuselage Geometry Assembler for generating structural, cabin, and cargo geometries as well as the Systems Architecting Assistant and GeneSys for system sizing and integration. Data exchange between these tools is realized through an XML-interface, and geometric consistency is ensured using the Open Cascade Technology library. Parametric data exchange with simulation environments is supported via CAD-exchange formats and the Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema. The newly developed methods enhance an existing KBE-based fuselage design system with experimental tank mounts, crash structures, and hydrogen distribution systems. These additions enable a consistent and fully automated generation of structural and system models at the required fidelity level for future disciplinary analyses. The proposed method is demonstrated in a preliminary design study of two liquid-hydrogen-powered aircraft configurations, highlighting the improved automation, consistency, and integration capabilities of the extended KBE framework.Publicationtype: Journal Article31 30 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Early model-based functional integration testing for aircraft systems architectures demonstrated on a hydrogen-powered propulsion unit(2025-10-25); ; ; ; Developing complex, hydrogen-powered aircraft and their on-board systems is challenging due to a vast design space, limited knowledge, and high uncertainties. Hence, the risk of undetected errors introduced during conceptual design increases. To address this, a method for early model-based functional integration testing as an integrated part of systems architecting is proposed. It includes simulation-based testing of functional behavior under nominal and off-nominal conditions based on executable architecture models, enabling the discovery of design errors and the down-selection of large design spaces. The method is demonstrated on a fuel cell-powered propulsion unit of a novel hydrogen-powered concept aircraft, showing its value for complex, novel systems in off-design conditions.Publicationtype: Conference Paper81 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , TechMAPS: technology management for the architecting process of aircraft on-board systemsDue to climate change, low-emission aircraft with novel technologies, such as hydrogen-powered fuel cells, are being investigated. However, navigating the technology knowledge is challenging due to the vast number of existing and emerging technologies. Hence, supporting the engineer during the complex task of exploring, comparing, and selecting technologies from the extensive design space as part of the aircraft conceptual design phase is crucial. To address this challenge, the Technology Management for the Architecting Process of aircraft on-board Systems (TechMAPS) method is proposed. TechMAPS is used to navigate and manage available and emerging technologies. Moreover, the method supports the conservation and provision of technology knowledge in a standardized and formalized way. To this end, TechMAPS consists of three parts: a technology radar to identify technologies, a formalized ontology-driven database to conserve knowledge in a machine-readable, queryable way, and standardized technology fact sheets to provide concise data to the engineer. TechMAPS is exemplarily applied to different technologies of a hybrid-electric power train, i.e., a fuel cell, an existing electric motor, and battery technologies, to demonstrate the method’s capabilities to present the landscape of technologies for different systems and abstraction levels. The study highlights the effectiveness of TechMAPS for technology management but also outlines aspects that need further research, such as creating an automated and standardized interface to and from the database.Publicationtype: Journal Article45 55 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Avionics Virtual Integration Platform to Support Simulation-Based Validation and VerificationThis paper addresses the need and concepts for an Avionics Virtual Integration Platform (AVIP). The scope of the AVIP is to enable Integration, Validation and Verification activities like application integration, configuration and functional testing. Key of this approach is the simulation of the system applications integrated on virtual devices at both: On-device and on-platform level using the un-modified system function applications that are usually based on the ARINC 653 standard/API. An avionics platform simulation is setup that consist of several virtualised avionics computing modules with the applications integrated as well as a completely virtualised I/O using the EUROCAE ED247 standard. Using gateway functions, this approach also allows interconnecting real hardware (i.e., system equipment or hardware modules) in a hybrid setup.Publicationtype: Conference Paper74 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Network simulation for future distributed aircraft cabin platformsThe evolution of aircraft cabin architectures necessitates scalable network concepts to support future high-bandwidth, low-latency applications such as active noise control, smart sensing, and real-time video streaming. This paper presents a network simulation framework using OMNeT++ and the INET library to evaluate novel cabin network architectures. By modeling dataflows, network protocols, and computing modules, the simulation enables early validation of key performance metrics, including network load, end-to-end latency, and switch utilization. An exemplary case study on video streaming demonstrates the trade-offs between centralized and decentralized architectures, highlighting critical factors for optimized resource allocation.Publicationtype: Conference Paper61 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Establishing a single source of truth for avionics platform verification through UCoFThe increasing complexity of avionics development requires new approaches to manage workload and improve efficiency. Early and continuous validation has emerged as a solution to reduce unnecessary iterations by using limited system information for simulations from the earliest stages. However, simultaneous hardware and software development means validation must occur without the final hardware or software. While additional validation steps initially increase workload, they enhance system confidence earlier in the process. A streamlined workflow is essential to minimize this burden. The Universal Configuration Format (UCoF) addresses these challenges by providing a single-source-of-truth database for all development stages. Instead of merging common data (i.e., targetindependent data like signal data types) and target-specific data (e.g., hardware pins), UCoF separates them, linking specific information through extensions. This enables efficient configuration of various test environments - virtual, hybrid, and hardware without being restricted by proprietary tools. UCoF supports varying levels of information granularity, accommodating different software and hardware maturity levels with minimal additional workload. It facilitates functional integration (basic simulations), hybrid integration (hardware-in-the-loop testing), and emulation integration (full platform partitioning). By ensuring traceability, UCoF streamlines change management and revision control, crucial during for the development process. Additionally, UCoF's open format allows seamless automation and integration into existing toolchains. Bidirectional data transformation ensures platform updates are reflected across environments, enhancing transparency. This paper demonstrates the advantages of UCoF over proprietary formats in a virtual environment, showcasing how it reduces configuration workload and improves avionics development efficiency.Publicationtype: Conference Paper41 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , A high-performance extension to enable a future IMA-like flight and loads control platform(IEEE, 2025-09); ; ; ; IMA-like platforms offer advantages in weight, maintenance, and flexibility. However, low computing capabilities due to long aircraft development cycles and complex certification pose challenges for innovative, but demanding system applications. In this work, we motivate high-performance computing extensions in the integrated platform architecture design to enable such applications from a system function perspective. In particular, we analyze the blocking points towards an IMA-like integrated flight and loads control platform for future aircraft with high aspect ratio wings, which promise significant efficiency improvements, but require demanding software applications for the protection of the more flexible wings. On the basis of involved applications, such as advanced load estimation, we first identify limiting factors in terms of memory and computation demand, as well as application characteristics. Concluding that these challenges will not be resolved with the next generation of IMAlike platforms, we discuss the aforementioned high-performance extension.Publicationtype: Conference Paper49 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Conceptual design and energy management analysis of turbofan-based hybrid-electric propulsion(American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 2025-08-18); ; ; Hybrid-electric propulsion systems offer the potential to make aircraft more efficient by using electric energy to cover a share of the total energy demand. However, resolving questions related to aircraft hybridization, namely the potential fuel consumption benefits and the energy management throughout the mission, is vital. This highlights the importance of holistic evaluation methods. Hence, this paper introduces a method for the design and evaluation of hybrid-electric propulsion systems. The method enhances current sizing methods by modeling a hybrid-electric turbofan and estimating electrical losses for the electric power train to explore hybrid energy management strategies. The method is demonstrated using the short–medium-range concept aircraft D239. Initial simulations indicate a total increase in the block fuel mass of approximately 2.7% with constant hybridization throughout the 800 n mile reference mission. However, optimizing the energy management strategy reveals an improved result of a 1.6% increase in mission block fuel. Key factors contributing to this improvement include using hybrid-electric power exclusively during the climb phase, shorter mission ranges, and omitting battery charging during flight. However, an overall increase in the block fuel mass persists under realistic assumptions. This highlights the need for further exploration of hybrid-electric concepts and methodical refinement.Publicationtype: Journal Article25