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    Influence of the pile geometry on the underwater noise during offshore pile driving
    (2022-06)
    Klages, Elin
    ;
    Lippert, Stephan
    ;
    Estorff, Otto von
    Offshore wind energy is evolving worldwide. Very often, impact-driven monopiles are used as foundations for offshore wind turbines. However, driving piles into the seabed causes very high underwater sound pressure levels, which might endanger animals living in the sea. Therefore, several prediction methods for the occurring underwater sound pressure levels from pile driving have been developed in the past years. Furthermore, different noise mitigation systems exist to decrease the noise emission into the water. Additional knowledge of the sound source, i.e., the driven pile, would simplify predictions and help the development of impact hammers or piles emitting less noise. The present paper applies findings from the theory of axisymmetric vibrations of cylindrical shells as well as their sound radiation to the field of offshore pile driving.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      35
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    Item type:Publication, Access status: without files ,
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    Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse
    (2019)
    Klages, Elin
    ;
    Pein, Jonas von
    ;
    Lippert, Stephan
    ;
    Estorff, Otto von
    The foundation of offshore wind farm turbines using driven piles causes high levels of underwater sound emission during construction. The emitted sound levels are potentially harmful to marine mammals and other sea life. In order to protect the marine fauna, several countries have defined limitations for the sound pressure levels. Therefore, pile driving of state-of-the-art piles for offshore wind farms requires the application of noise mitigation systems, e.g. bubble curtains, to assure that sound pressure levels do not exceed official limits. Rapidly increasing dimensions of wind turbines with even higher pile diameters demand additional measures to comply with the official regulations. Therefore, the design of the hammer regarding its acoustic characteristics has recently gained attention. Within this contribution, the driven pile as noise source and possible modifications of the pile excitation, i.e., the hammer impulse, to reduce sound emission, are discussed and first results towards a more silent hammer are presented.
    Publicationtype: Conference Paper
      90