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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Endbericht des Forschungsvorhabens TaBuLa-LOGplus(Technische Universität Hamburg, 2025); ; ; ; The TaBuLa-LOGplus project was based on the results of the two previous projects TaBuLa and TaBuLa-LOG in order to significantly advance automation in the interaction between passenger and freight transport. A central goal of the project was the development of a manufacturer- and vehicle-independent smart control centre, which integrates both the automated transport robots further developed by TUHH and the conventional buses used by vhh.mobility. This offers the added value of optimal use of resources by bundling transport and transportation tasks. The control centre also meets the legal requirement that the automated vehicle can be shut down by a human at any time. Data protection and security were always considered and taken into account. In tests, the control centre could be used by both experienced and non-experienced users for order creation and vehicle monitoring. To achieve this high level of automation, the transport robots were further developed to the point where they can get in and out of a conventional bus independently in order to carry out transport tasks transmitted by the control centre. Additionally, the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) was included into the TaBuLa-LOGplus project. To ensure safe operation of the transport robots in complex and dynamic environments, advanced AI methods for environment detection and situational awareness were investigated. The aim was to automatically detect anomalies and potential hazards and respond appropriately. The impact of the transport robots was investigated through accompanying analyses, simulations and assessments regarding traffic, ecological, economic and social effects. The analysis of traffic effects according to Vester showed that the system can be consciously controlled via highly active and active variables and certain causal relationships (e. g. supply and demand) must be considered. Parcel delivery using transport robots on the last mile can offer ecological and economic advantages if they are transported by an electrically powered bus. The additional simulations also lead to the conclusion that the integration of autonomous transport robots into public transport can be safe and cost-efficient. Overall, the TaBuLa-LOGplus project was the successful next step of the previous projects, as it continued, further developed and incorporated new frame-work conditions.Publicationtype: Research Report75 67 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Mobile Robots on Sidewalks: Legal Context and Resulting Requirements for Autonomous Last-Mile Delivery in GermanySidewalks are increasingly being shared by autonomous mobile robots, creating a safety-sensitive environment that lacks explicit safety-focused standards. Establishing such standards is an essential prerequisite for progressing these vehicles from the laboratory to lager-scale, widespread use. This ongoing research presented here aims to fill this gap by exploring standards in related areas, assessing their applicability, and examining possible derived specifications adapted to mobile robots operating on sidewalks and similar traffic environments. As part of our methodology, we draw upon findings from the development of two delivery robot prototype vehicles and a literature review. By establishing a foundation for the design and assessment of future standard drafts, our research supports the broader adoption of mobile robots and contributes to safer urban sidewalks.Publicationtype: Conference Poster not in Proceedings71 104 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , From Concept to Reality: Developing Sidewalk Robots for Real-World Research and Operation in Public Space(2023-09-26); ; ; ; Mobile robots operating on sidewalks promise to automate various tasks of public life. At present, however, such robots are still a relatively new and rarely encountered technology. In Germany, these robots are operated in the context of isolated pilot tests. There are only a few commercial operators and just as few publicly accessible documented robot developments and test operations by research institutions. Yet it is research in a real-world setting that is essential for the development and validation of systems and algorithms. In this contribution, we present a research robot platform for use on sidewalks in public space: Using delivery robots as a practical example, a mobile robot was developed, equipped for real-world research, and approved for manual and automated deployment on streets and sidewalks in the German city of Lauenburg/Elbe. This paper presents the development process adapted from common automotive technical standards, describes the identified requirements for the robot, the derived robot concept, and finally its implementation in an approved prototype delivery robot. In particular, we discuss remaining limitations and present extensive lessons learned. In this way, we not only comprehensively present the current requirements for such robots and how to implemented them, but also support further research in this relevant fieldPublicationtype: Conference Paper61 157 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Bridging the Normative Gap: Standardization for Sidewalk Robots in a World of Self-Driving Cars, Personal Robots and Automated Industrial VehiclesAs demand for last-mile deliveries increases, there is a growing interest in deploying autonomous delivery robots on sidewalks. However, this presents significant technical and legal challenges that need to be addressed. These systems must not only be capable, robust, and safe but also comply with applicable traffic laws. This paper explores the legal context and resulting technical and operational requirements for mobile robots on sidewalks using Germany as an example. As the largest economy in Europe and the first country with a legal framework for autonomous vehicles, Germany offers valuable insights into the integration of robots into public spaces and traffic. We outline specific technical and legal requirements for implementing delivery robots on sidewalks by taking a traffic law perspective and using two prototype vehicles as a case study. In consultation with a technical inspection association and local approval authorities, the necessary technical equipment features, operating requirements, and required permits were determined. The insights gained from this research not only provide valuable information on this pressing issue but also contribute to international discussions on the future and technical constraints of last-mile automation. Our study offers significant insights into the integration of any type of compact robot on sidewalks beyond just delivery robots and can assist the development of technical and legal requirements for mobile robots in urban public spaces.Publicationtype: Conference Paper not in Proceedings52 45 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: Restricted , Mobile Roboter auf dem Gehweg - Rechtlicher Kontext und resultierende Anforderungen für die Automatisierung der letzten Meile(VDI BV München, Ober- und Niederbayern e.V., 2023-03-23); ; ; ; Mobile Roboter, die sich auf Gehwegen fortbewegen, stellen eine vielversprechende Technologie zur Automatisierung von Transporten auf der letzten Meile dar. Aufgrund der Neuartigkeit dieser Fahrzeuge gibt es in Deutschland jedoch weder spezifische Vorgaben des Straßenverkehrsrechts noch Erfahrungswerte zur Umsetzung des aktuellen Rechtsrahmens. Zu bisherigen Pilotversuchen derartiger Lieferroboter in Deutschland existiert nur wenig Literatur, insbesondere bezüglich der Anforderungen an technische Ausstattung und Betrieb. Dieser Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Rechtsrahmen und sich daraus ergebende Anforderungen an mobile Roboter auf Gehwegen vor. Am Beispiel zweier Lieferroboter-Prototypen werden die in Zusammenarbeit mit einer Prüforganisation erarbeiteten technischen Ausstattungsmerkmale und erforderlichen Nachweise und Genehmigungen diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse dienen damit als erste Grundlage aber auch als Leitfaden für wissenschaftliche und kommerzielle Akteure, die einen Einsatz von mobilen Robotern im öffentlichen Raum bzw. auf Gehwegen planen.Publicationtype: Conference Paper246 12 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Endbericht des Projektes TaBuLa-LOGThe TaBuLa-LOG project was based on the results of the previous project »Test center for automated buses in the district Duchy of Lauenburg« (TaBuLa) and added the component of goods transport to the functioning automated shuttle service. The further development of pure passenger transport towards a combination of passenger and goods mobility was tested in order to examine the previous, often singular concentration on separate systems against the background of resource bundling for automated means of transport. In more rural regions, the linking of passenger and goods mobility can make a contribution to sustainability of transport, where concentration on separate systems has so far not promised any success from an economic point of view.Publicationtype: Book671 1159 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Integration and Evaluation of a Close Proximity Obstacle Detection for Mobile Robots in Public SpaceT o ensure safe operation of mobile robots in public spaces, the robots must be able to detect obstacles and identify non-traversable ground. However, there are relatively few suitable methods for mobile robots in urban environments available and equally few empirical data on such applications. This contribution identifies requirements for such systems, designs meaningful test scenarios, and evaluates an exemplary approach using a mobile robot platform with depth sensors. It is found that the method is suitable in principle, but that different roadway elements pose a challenge to detection. Corrupted sensor data due to tilting movements or overexposure also negatively affect the quality of obstacle detection.Publicationtype: Journal Article26