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Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Simulation-based analysis of country-specific mitigation strategies to decarbonize the passenger car fleet: A comparison between Germany, Poland, and Norway(Wiley, 2025-08-24); ; ; ; This paper investigates and compares transformation pathways to decarbonize the passenger car fleets of Germany, Poland, and Norway, considering the unique market characteristics of these countries. We develop a dynamic stock and flow model to simulate the evolution of the passenger car fleet in conjunction with the energy sector at a country level and calculate tailpipe and life cycle-oriented greenhouse gas emissions. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we analyze country-specific levers to meet tailpipe emissions targets and their impact on life cycle emissions and the energy system. The results reveal that meeting the European tailpipe emission targets is challenging for Germany and Poland, and much easier for Norway. The main drivers are the level and speed of deployment of electric vehicles and renewable electricity, as well as the rate of the fleet renewal. For countries with a high share of conventional vehicles, synthetic fuels could be promising, but with a significant impact on the energy system. Moreover, an exclusive focus on tailpipe emissions does not imply low life cycle emissions and could even lead to burden shifting. Hence, our results further support the idea that mitigation measures need to be orchestrated and harmonized with country-specific characteristics in order to reduce tailpipe and life cycle emissions as much as possible.Publicationtype: Journal Article46 19 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , 34 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , 13 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Project portfolio planning under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry(Wiley-Blackwell, 2022-01-08); ; ; ; This paper aims to identify financially and environmentally promising project portfolio decisions under CO2 fleet emission restrictions in the automotive industry. These decisions are particularly difficult due to uncertain demand, ever-stricter CO2 fleet emission thresholds, and an increasing number of alternative powertrain technologies that can be integrated into different vehicle projects with high project-specific investments and long product life cycles. We develop a mixed-integer linear programming model that maximizes the net present value of car manufacturers’ project portfolios, so-called cycle plans, by selecting specific vehicle projects and by determining the respective production quantities to comply with the given thresholds for the CO2 fleet emissions. By applying the model to an illustrative European car manufacturer, promising cycle plan decisions are determined and analyzed across six market demand scenarios. The results reveal that compliance with the European emission thresholds until 2035 is generally possible if electric vehicle demand gains momentum, but threshold exceedance and corresponding penalty payments can be financially advantageous in some situations. Long-term compliance with CO2 regulation and financial success is supported by the fast market introduction of battery electric vehicles and the preparation of fuel cell electric vehicles for a later market introduction in large-sized vehicles.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 4 73 348 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Activity analysis based modeling of global supply chains for sustainability assessmentAssessing the sustainability of products is an intricate task that requires a thorough understanding of the underlying supply chains. Prominent challenges are the integration of the environmental, the economic, and the social dimension of sustainability as well as the consideration of spatial heterogeneity with regard to technology, environment, markets, and society. This paper proposes a novel modeling approach based on activity analysis to facilitate spatially differentiated sustainability assessments of global supply chains. The production and transportation activities in the supply chain and the exchanges between activities and their natural, economic, and social environments are formalized by means of activity vectors. Linking the activities and exchanges to specific locations allows for the calculation of regionalized sustainability indicators. The approach is used to analyze the environmental, economic, and social impacts of lithium-ion batteries. The comparison of alternative supply chain configurations with the spatially differentiated approach reveals that the assessment results differ significantly from those of the global average supply chain. These insights offer new opportunities to advance the design of sustainable supply chains.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 17 64 136 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Limiting CO2 fleet emissions in the automotive industry – a portfolio planning approach(Inderscience Enterprises, 2020-12-18); ; ; In this article, a novel portfolio planning approach as a means to limit CO2 fleet emissions in the automotive industry is presented. This research is motivated by several factors challenging product portfolio planning in times of structural changes. Besides ever stricter CO2 legislation, dynamics and uncertainties related to the transformation towards electric mobility need to be considered when deciding on the future range of vehicles to be offered on the market. These portfolio decisions are of particular importance due to long life cycles, long development times and high product-specific investments of vehicle projects. This approach supports the definition of vehicle projects and cycle plans on an aggregation level in line with industry-specific planning requirements and allows for the consideration of temporal dynamics and uncertainties to handle structural changes. To this end, illustrative cycle plans are generated and evaluated based on financial and environmental criteria considering different scenarios of market development.Publicationtype: Journal Article47 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Strategische Planung der Antriebsportfoliotransformation von AutomobilherstellernVor dem Hintergrund der im Pariser Klimaabkommen beschlossenen Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors sind in Zukunft Verschärfungen der CO2-Gesetzgebung für Neufahrzeugverkäufe geplant. In Europa müssen Automobilhersteller im Jahr 2021 einen CO2-Flottenemissionsgrenzwert von 95 g/km für Neufahrzeuge einhalten. Dieser Grenzwert verschärft sich bis zum Jahr 2030 um weitere 37,5 % und wird perspektivisch weiter sinken.Publicationtype: Book Part40 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: with files , Assessment of social sustainability hotspots in the supply chain of lithium-ion batteries(Elsevier, 2019-05); ; ; Lithium-ion batteries are considered a key component in mobile and stationary energy storage applications. However, the current technology is based on several critical materials, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and graphite, which are associated with various environmental and social impacts in their supply chain. While the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries have been investigated in numerous studies, little attention has been given to the potential social impacts. Therefore, an assessment of the social sustainability hotspots of lithium-ion batteries is carried out. The assessment is based on a spatially differentiated resource flow model of the supply chain. Data on social risks with respect to child labor, corruption, occupational toxics and hazards, and poverty are extracted from the Social Hotspots Database in openLCA. The results of the social assessment are discussed along with environmental and economic considerations to generate recommendations for improving supply chain sustainability.Publicationtype: Journal ArticleScopus© Citations 38 48 243 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Operations research for sustainability assessment of products: a review(Elsevier, 2019-04-01); ; ; The environmental and social impacts of products are being increasingly scrutinized. This necessitates systematic assessment methods. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) provides a framework to addresses diverse sustainability issues over the product's life cycle, but its application is complicated. Major challenges, such as the selection of relevant indicators, multi-criteria comparisons of alternatives, the treatment of uncertainties, or the integration of spatially differentiated data, can be facilitated by adopting advanced analytical methods from Operations Research. This paper reviews 142 articles that use Operations Research methods for product-related sustainability assessments. The articles were selected from peer-reviewed scientific literature in a systematic search and screening process. Descriptive analysis shows that related publication output is growing over time and originates mainly in journals related to Environmental Management. While ecological indicators are considered by most articles, the integration of economic and social indicators is emerging. Focusing on the contributions of Operations Research, a detailed analysis shows that more than half of the articles adopt methods from Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM), followed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multi-Objective Decision Making (MODM). Uncertainties with regard to inventory data and decision makers’ preferences are addressed using fuzzy logic, stochastic models, or sensitivity analysis. The use of spatially differentiated data is not frequently found in the reviewed articles. Research needs derived from this analysis comprise the integration of qualitative and semi-quantitative (social) indicators, the simultaneous consideration of global and local sustainability objectives, and the application of systematic procedures to address uncertainty.Publicationtype: Journal Article50 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Access status: without files , Spatially differentiated sustainability assessment of products(Springer, 2018-09-23); ; ; Due to the globalization of supply chains, the environmental and social impacts related to products are often dispersed over many locations. Life cycle-oriented sustainability assessment methods aim at compiling the total impacts without explicitly considering their spatial distribution. This paper illustrates how the incorporation of spatial differentiation in sustainability assessment can influence assessment results and lead to different conclusions about the design of supply chains to improve product sustainability. Comparing two alternative configurations of a simplified supply chain for beer production and concentrating only on environmental impacts, it is found that the consideration of environmental and technological heterogeneity has the potential to reverse the rank order of the alternatives.Publicationtype: Book Part58